Fatherlessness as a Risk Factor for Suicide: An Attachment Theory Perspective

Abstract

Suicide is the third leading cause of death among young people worldwide. Various factors contribute to suicide risk, including family dysfunction and weak parent–child attachment. One prominent issue is the loss of a father’s role, either physically or emotionally, known as fatherlessness. This condition can hinder emotional regulation and increase vulnerability to mental health problems. Nursing students represent a high-risk group due to academic and clinical pressures. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the level of fatherlessness and suicide risk among nursing students based on attachment theory. A quantitative cross-sectional design was used with 351 respondents selected through purposive sampling. The instruments included the Nurturant Father Involvement and Reported Father Involvement scales to measure fatherlessness, and the Suicide Behavior Questionnaire Revised (SBQ-R) to assess suicide risk. Results showed a significant relationship between fatherlessness and suicide risk (p < 0.05), indicating that higher levels of fatherlessness were associated with increased suicide risk. These findings support the attachment theory perspective that secure attachment serves as a protective factor for emotional well-being. The study underscores the importance of paternal involvement as part of preventive efforts to reduce suicide risk among nursing students.