Factors and Interventions Influencing Nurses Caring Behavior: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Abstrak Perilaku caring berperan langsung dalam meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan dan kepuasan pasien. Caring behavior perawat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor internal dan eksternal, serta dapat ditingkatkan melalui pelatihan berbasis teori. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kajian sistematik untuk mengevaluasi faktor yang memengaruhi perilaku caring serta intervensi yang efektif. Systematic review ini disusun mengikuti pedoman Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Pencarian artikel melalui database Google Scholar, ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan SpringerLink dalam rentang tahun 2018 hingga 2025. Kata kunci yang digunakan antara lain: "nurse caring behavior" AND "factors" OR "interventions" OR "training" OR "Watson's theory". Sebanyak 11 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis. Hasil review menunjukkan bahwa perilaku caring perawat dipengaruhi oleh faktor demografis (usia, jenis kelamin, pengalaman kerja), karakter personal (spiritualitas, sensitivitas etis), dan faktor lingkungan (lingkungan kerja, beban kerja, dukungan organisasi, serta kepuasan kerja). Beberapa intervensi yang terbukti efektif meliputi pelatihan berbasis Watson’s Theory of Human Caring, program etika keperawatan, pelatihan kepemimpinan berbasis kecerdasan emosional, serta program mentoring. Kesimpulannya, intervensi tersebut memberikan dampak positif yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan skor perilaku caring perawat. Kata Kunci: Perilaku caring, perawat, faktor yang memengaruhi, intervensi, pelatihan, teori Watson.   Abstract Caring behavior plays a direct role in improving the quality of care and patient satisfaction. Nurses’ caring behavior is influenced by various internal and external factors and can be enhanced through theory-based training. Therefore, a systematic review is needed to evaluate the factors that influence caring behavior and identify effective interventions.This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Article searches were performed through the databases Google Scholar, ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink, covering the years 2018 to 2025. Keywords used included: "nurse caring behavior" AND "factors" OR "interventions" OR "training" OR "Watson's theory". A total of 11 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The review findings indicate that nurses’ caring behavior is influenced by demographic factors (age, gender, work experience), personal characteristics (spirituality, ethical sensitivity), and environmental factors (work environment, workload, organizational support, and job satisfaction). Effective interventions include training based on Watson’s Theory of Human Caring, nursing ethics programs, emotional intelligence-based leadership training, and mentoring programs. In conclusion, these interventions have a significant positive impact on improving nurses’ caring behavior scores. Keywords: caring behavior, nurses, influencing factors, interventions, training, Watson’s theory.