Kualitas Air dan Risiko Gejala Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) pada Balita: Studi Cross-Sectional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jn.v9i3.45923Abstract
Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) adalah penyebab utama morbiditas pada balita. Kualitas air rumah tangga, termasuk air berwarna, berasa, dan berbau, berpotensi meningkatkan risiko ISPA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan kualitas air dengan gejala ISPA pada balita. Studi observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang dilakukan pada 1.267 rumah tangga di tiga kecamatan di Kabupaten Muara Enim pada tahun 2024. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner terstruktur dan dianalisis dengan uji chi-square untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kualitas air dan gejala ISPA. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kualitas air rumah tangga berhubungan signifikan dengan gejala ISPA pada balita. Ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara kualitas air dengan gejala ISPA. Balita yang tinggal di rumah dengan sumber air berwarna berhubungan signifikan dengan gejala demam (p = 0,009) dan pilek (p = 0,014). Air berasa berhubungan dengan demam (p < 0,001) dan pilek (p = 0,016). Air berbau berhubungan signifikan hanya dengan demam (p = 0,004). Material rumah juga berhubungan signifikan dengan gejala batuk (p = 0,011) dan pilek (p = 0,019). Sebaliknya, ventilasi rumah dan status merokok keluarga tidak menunjukkan hubungan signifikan dengan gejala ISPA. Kualitas air rumah tangga, terutama air yang berwarna dan berasa, berhubungan signifikan dengan peningkatan risiko gejala ISPA pada balita. Intervensi peningkatan akses terhadap air bersih perlu diprioritaskan sebagai bagian dari upaya pencegahan ISPA. Penelitian lebih lanjut dengan desain longitudinal dan uji kualitas air berbasis laboratorium direkomendasikan untuk menguatkan hubungan kausal. Kata kunci: Balita; gejala ISPA; Kualitas air. Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) are a leading cause of morbidity in young children. Household water quality, including water that is discolored, tastes unpleasant, or has an odor, may increase the risk of ARI. This study aims to identify the relationship between water quality and ARI symptoms in young children. This study identified a statistically significant association between household water quality and the occurrence of ARI symptoms among children under five. The use of discolored water was significantly associated with increased reports of fever (p = 0.009) and nasal congestion (p = 0.014). Unpleasant-tasting water was also significantly associated with fever (p < 0.001) and nasal congestion (p = 0.016), whereas foul-smelling water demonstrated a significant association with fever only (p = 0.004). Furthermore, housing materials were significantly associated with the presence of cough (p = 0.011) and nasal congestion (p = 0.019). Conversely, no significant associations were observed between ARI symptoms and household ventilation or exposure to tobacco smoke. Household water quality, particularly water that is discolored or has an unusual taste, is significantly associated with an increased risk of acute respiratory infection (ARI) symptoms in children under five. Improving access to safe and clean drinking water should be prioritized as part of ARI prevention efforts. Further research using longitudinal designs and laboratory-based water quality testing is recommended to strengthen the evidence for a causal relationship. Keywords: ARI;Water Quality;Young ChildrenDownloads
Published
2025-06-13
How to Cite
Muharramah, D. H., Fakhriatiningrum, F., Saputra, Y. A., Lisa, M., J, R. F., & Armawan, L. V. A. (2025). Kualitas Air dan Risiko Gejala Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) pada Balita: Studi Cross-Sectional. Jurnal Ners, 9(3), 4061–4067. https://doi.org/10.31004/jn.v9i3.45923
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