PENGARUH ACBT TERHADAP PENGELUARAN SPUTUM PADA PASIEN PPOK RSUP ADAM MALIK 2025
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v7i1.56348Keywords:
Active Cycle of Breathing Technique, Pengeluaran Sputum, PPOK, Teknik Pernapasan, Fisioterapi RespirasiAbstract
Ketidakefektifan pengeluaran sputum merupakan masalah utama pada pasien Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (PPOK) yang menyebabkan obstruksi jalan napas, meningkatkan risiko infeksi berulang, dan memperburuk prognosis klinis. Active Cycle of Breathing Technique (ACBT) adalah teknik pembersihan jalan napas non-invasif yang bekerja melalui mekanisme pergeseran Equal Pressure Point untuk memobilisasi sputum dari perifer ke sentral. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh ACBT terhadap pengeluaran sputum pada pasien PPOK di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan tahun 2025. Desain penelitian menggunakan pre-experiment dengan pendekatan one-group pra-post test design. Sampel dipilih secara purposive sampling sebanyak 18 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengukur volume sputum menggunakan pot sputum sebelum dan sesudah intervensi ACBT. Analisis data menggunakan uji Paired T-Test dengan tingkat signifikansi α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan volume pengeluaran sputum dari rerata 1,1972 mL (SD 0,60742) sebelum intervensi menjadi 2,2444 mL (SD 1,02855) setelah intervensi, dengan p-value = 0,000 (p < 0,05). Penelitian ini menemukan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan secara statistik terhadap peningkatan pengeluaran sputum pada pasien PPOK. Peningkatan volume sputum hampir dua kali lipat ini menunjukkan ACBT efektif memfasilitasi mobilisasi dan ekspulsi sekret melalui sinergi kontrol pernapasan, ekspansi toraks, dan forced expiration technique yang mengoptimalkan mukosiliar clearance, sehingga berkontribusi pada perbaikan bersihan jalan napas pasien PPOK.References
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