PENGARUH PERUBAHAN IKLIM TERHADAP PENYEBARAN PENYAKIT TULAR VEKTOR : LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v7i1.56169Keywords:
perubahan iklim,, Penyakit tular vektor, dengue, malaria, suhu, curah hujanAbstract
Perubahan iklim merupakan salah satu tantangan kesehatan global terbesar abad ke-21 yang berdampak signifikan terhadap peningkatan risiko penyakit tular vektor. Perubahan suhu, curah hujan, kelembapan, serta kejadian cuaca ekstrem memengaruhi dinamika vektor dan pola penularan penyakit. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode systematic review dengan pendekatan PRISMA. Artikel diperoleh dari Google Scholar, PubMed, dan Scopus pada rentang tahun 2016–2025. Kriteria inklusi meliputi penelitian yang membahas perubahan iklim sebagai variabel independen dan penyakit tular vektor sebagai variabel dependen dengan desain cross-sectional, cohort, case-control, dan eksperimental. Dari 15.531 artikel yang teridentifikasi, diperoleh 6 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan suhu berpengaruh terhadap siklus hidup, kapasitas reproduksi, dan efisiensi penularan vektor. Perubahan curah hujan dan kejadian banjir meningkatkan ketersediaan habitat perkembangbiakan nyamuk, sehingga meningkatkan risiko penyakit seperti dengue dan malaria. Selain itu, kerentanan fasilitas kesehatan di wilayah terdampak perubahan iklim turut memperburuk dampak penyakit. Meskipun terdapat variasi hasil antar penelitian, secara umum ditemukan adanya hubungan antara perubahan iklim dan dinamika penyakit tular vektor.References
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