EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN ANATOMI KADAVER DAN DIGITAL TERHADAP RETENSI PENGETAHUAN : SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Bahasa Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v7i1.56053Keywords:
blended learning, pemahaman spasial, pembelajaran anatomi digital, pembelajaran berbasis kadaver, retensi pengetahuanAbstract
Pembelajaran anatomi dalam pendidikan ilmu kesehatan yang membentuk dasar bagi diagnosis penyakit, interpretasi pencitraan medis, dan perencanaan intervensi medis, saat ini menghadapi tantangan keterbatasan kadaver dan biaya tinggi, mendorong eksplorasi pembelajaran anatomi digital sebagai alternatif. Penelitian ini mencari bukti ilmiah mengenai efektivitas pembelajaran anatomi berbasis kadaver dibandingkan pembelajaran anatomi digital terhadap retensi pengetahuan dan pemahaman spasial pada mahasiswa ilmu kesehatan. Systematic review mengikuti PRISMA 2020 dengan pencarian di PubMed, Scopus, ERIC, dan Web of Science periode Januari 2021-Januari 2026, menghasilkan 10 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Virtual Reality menunjukkan retensi pengetahuan superior pada evaluasi 6 bulan (72,1±9,7 versus 65,4±10,2; p<0,001), performa akademik lebih tinggi (85±4 versus 78±6; p<0,05), tingkat interaksi mahasiswa lebih baik, serta efektivitas biaya 58% lebih rendah (US$206,6 versus US$491,7). Pembelajaran kadaver tetap esensial untuk pemahaman spasial taktil, keterampilan psikomotorik, dan kesadaran etis profesional yang tidak dapat disubstitusi teknologi digital. Blended learning mengintegrasikan spesimen kadaverik dengan teknologi virtual menghasilkan outcome tertinggi (81,84±4,81%; p=0,005) dibandingkan modalitas tunggal. Tidak terdapat superioritas absolut; pendekatan hybrid memberikan hasil optimal.References
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