GAMBARAN KEJADIAN NYERI MUSKULOSKELETAL PADA PERAWAT DI RUMAH SAKIT BHAYANGKARA PEKANBARU POLDA RIAU
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v7i1.55912Keywords:
Disabilitas, Ergonomi, Kesehatan kerja, Nyeri muskuloskeletal, PerawatAbstract
Nyeri muskuloskeletal merupakan masalah kesehatan kerja yang sering dialami oleh perawat akibat tuntutan fisik pekerjaan, aktivitas berulang, serta postur kerja yang tidak ergonomis, sehingga berpotensi menurunkan produktivitas kerja dan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan kejadian nyeri muskuloskeletal pada perawat berdasarkan lokasi nyeri, intensitas nyeri, durasi nyeri, serta tingkat disabilitas yang ditimbulkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan survei. Populasi penelitian melibatkan seluruh perawat di Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Pekanbaru Polda Riau dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 55 orang yang diambil menggunakan teknik total sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) serta instrumen pengukuran disabilitas Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), dan Neck Disability Index (NDI). Data dianalisis secara univariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 23 perawat (41,8%) mengalami keluhan nyeri muskuloskeletal dalam 12 bulan terakhir. Lokasi nyeri terbanyak terdapat pada punggung bawah, yaitu sebanyak 10 perawat (43,5%), diikuti nyeri leher dan bahu masing-masing sebanyak 5 perawat (21,7%). Sebagian besar responden mengalami nyeri dengan intensitas sedang sebanyak 13 perawat (56,5%) dan durasi nyeri kurang dari enam bulan sebanyak 16 perawat (69,6%). Tingkat disabilitas akibat nyeri punggung bawah didominasi kategori sedang, yaitu sebanyak 8 perawat (80,0%), sedangkan disabilitas ekstremitas atas dan leher umumnya berada pada kategori ringan hingga sedang. Disimpulkan nyeri muskuloskeletal masih menjadi masalah kesehatan kerja pada perawat, sehingga diperlukan upaya pencegahan melalui penerapan ergonomi kerja dan pengelolaan beban kerja yang optimal untuk mencegah dampak jangka panjang.References
Aeni, H. F., Banowati, L., & Nur’alinda, T. (2020). Correlation between physical workload and musculoskeletal disorders complaints among nurses at hospital. The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 9(1), 88–94. https://doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v9i1.2020.88-94.
Atalay, A., Kaya, D. O., & Kirdar, S. (2021). Upper extremity disability in healthcare workers with musculoskeletal pain: A DASH analysis. Journal of Hand Therapy, 34(2), 245–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2020.06.005
Dong, H., Zhang, Q., Liu, G., & Shao, T. (2020). Prevalence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among nurses in hospital settings. Applied Ergonomics, 84, 103–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2019.103030
Getachew, A., Mengesha, A., & Tesfaye, H. (2024). The distribution of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among nurses: A scoping review. Systematic Reviews, 13, 45. https://systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13 43-024-02687-x
Jehosua, W. A., Kakerissa, N., Gea, D. P., & Eka, N. G. A. (2023). Musculoskeletal disorders prevalence in nurses at a private hospital in West Java Indonesia. Jurnal Kedokteran Meditek, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v30i1.2870
Kazeminasab, S., Nejadghaderi, S. A., Amiri, P., Pourfathi, H., Araj-Khodaei, M., & Kolahi, A. A. (2020). Neck pain: Global epidemiology, risk factors, and disability. Journal of Orthopaedic Translation, 24, 20–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jot.2020.05.003
Kemenkes RI. (2024). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2024. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Krishnan, K. S., Raju, G., & Shawkataly, O. (2021). Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal pain: Psychological and physical risk factors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 9361. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179361
Kumar, S., Sharma, R., & Singh, R. (2020). Functional disability among healthcare workers with chronic low back pain: An ODI-based analysis. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 33(6), 1041–1048. https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-200151
Mehrdad, R., Dennerlein, J. T., Morshedizadeh, M., & Khodakarim, S. (2021). Association between work-related factors and musculoskeletal pain among hospital nurses. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 94(6), 1231–1239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01668-4
Rahman, M. N., Chowdhury, S., & Hasan, M. M. (2022). Work-related musculoskeletal disorders and associated factors among hospital nurses. BMC Nursing, 21(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022-00864-3
Sembiring, R., & Siahaan, R. (2022). Analisis faktor risiko ergonomi terhadap keluhan muskuloskeletal pada perawat. Jurnal Keperawatan Prima, 6(2). https://jurnal.unprimdn.ac.id/index.php/jukep/article/download/4060/2587/16033
Setiawan, M., Rahayu, S., & Widodo, A. (2022). Hubungan karakteristik dan sikap kerja dengan keluhan nyeri punggung pada perawat di RSUD Petala Bumi Provinsi Riau. Jurnal Keperawatan, 8(2), 55–63.
Sun, W., Yin, L., Zhang, T., Zhang, H., Zhang, R., & Cai, W. (2023). Prevalence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Nurses: A Meta-Analysis. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 52(3), 463–475. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v52i3.12130.
Wami, S. D., Abere, G., & Dessie, A. (2020). Work-related musculoskeletal disorders and associated factors among nurses. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 21(1), 1–8.
World Health Organization. (2022). Musculoskeletal conditions.
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/musculoskeletal-conditions
Wu, A., March, L., & Blyth, F. (2022). Global back pain prevalence and years lived with disability: A systematic analysis. The Lancet Rheumatology, 4(3), e187–e195. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2665-9913(21)00302-4
Yan, P., Li, F., Zhang, L., Yang, Y., Huang, A., Wang, Y., & Ye, D. (2023).
Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among nurses: A meta-analysis. Journal of Occupational Health, 65(1), e12345.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10135498/
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Shindy Thyfanny Tiara, Wardah Wardah, Veni Dayu Putri, M. Zul’Irfan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
