KARAKTERISASI FISIKOKIMIA DAN ANALISIS FTIR (FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY) EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% DAUN PELAWAN (TRISTANIOPSIS MERGUENSIS (GRIFF.))
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v7i1.55666Keywords:
daun Pelawan, ekstrak etanol, Fisikokimia, FTIR, standardisasiAbstract
Tanaman Pelawan (Tristaniopsis merguensis (Griff.)) memiliki potensi aktivitas farmakologis namun belum tersedia data karakterisasi fisikokimia komprehensif dan fingerprint FTIR untuk standardisasi bahan baku sesuai Farmakope Herbal Indonesia Edisi II. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan karakteristik fisikokimia dan mengidentifikasi gugus fungsi ekstrak etanol 70% daun Pelawan menggunakan FTIR serta mengetahui hubungan profil gugus fungsi dengan karakteristik fisikokimia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif eksperimental. Simplisia daun Pelawan dimaserasi dengan etanol 70% selama tiga hari pada suhu kamar, kemudian dievaporasi menggunakan rotary evaporator pada suhu 60°C dan putaran 120 rpm. Ekstrak diuji parameter fisikokimia meliputi organoleptik, kadar air, kadar abu total, kadar abu tidak larut asam, pH, dan kelarutan. Skrining fitokimia dilakukan dengan metode standar, kadar fenol total menggunakan metode Folin-Ciocalteu, dan analisis FTIR pada bilangan gelombang 4000-650 cm⁻¹. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan perhitungan rata-rata, standar deviasi, dan koefisien variasi. Rendemen ekstrak mencapai 17,1% dengan kadar air 8,76%, kadar abu total 1,91%, kadar abu tidak larut asam 1,369%, pH 5,8, dan kelarutan dalam etanol 70% sebesar 92,983%. Kadar fenol total sebesar 389,14±6,23 mg GAE/g ekstrak. Skrining fitokimia menunjukkan hasil positif alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan terpenoid. Analisis FTIR mengidentifikasi gugus fungsi O-H (3200-3400 cm⁻¹), C≡C (2117-2122 cm⁻¹), C=O (1719 cm⁻¹), C=C aromatik (1610-1620 cm⁻¹), C-O (1035-1205 cm⁻¹), dan C-N (1340 cm⁻¹) yang mengindikasikan senyawa fenol, flavonoid, tanin, dan alkaloid. Karakteristik fisikokimia ekstrak memenuhi persyaratan mutu ekstrak kental sesuai Farmakope Herbal Indonesia Edisi II, dan profil FTIR dapat digunakan sebagai fingerprint untuk pengendalian mutu bahan baku daun Pelawan.References
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