STUDI LITERATUR : PENGARUH TANAMAN AVERRHOA BILIMBI TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH HEWAN MODEL HIPERTENSI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v7i1.55612Keywords:
Averrhoa bilimbi, hipertensi, tekanan darah, studi literaturAbstract
Hipertensi masih menjadi faktor risiko utama penyakit kardiovaskular secara global. Obat-obatan antihipertensi konvensional berpotensi menimbulkan efek samping yang merugikan, sehingga mendorong dilakukannya berbagai penelitian pada tanaman herbal yang diduga memiliki efek antihipertensi. Averrhoa bilimbi telah lama digunakan secara tradisional sebagai agen antihipertensi. Meskipun penelitian tentang efek antihipertensi tanaman ini telah banyak dilakukan, hasil-hasil tersebut masih perlu dianalisis dan disintesis. Studi literatur ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mensintesis hasil penelitian tentang efek penurun tekanan darah dari Averrhoa bilimbi pada hewan model hipertensi. Pengumpulan artikel dilakukan menggunakan basis data PubMed dan Google Scholar. Kriteria inklusi adalah studi primer dengan subjek hewan yang diterbitkan dalam bahasa Indonesia atau Inggris pada rentang Januari 2015 hingga Desember 2025. Enam artikel memenuhi kriteria untuk dianalisis. Keenam studi menggunakan hewan uji tikus (Rattus norvegicus) jantan. Induksi hipertensi dilakukan dengan agen yang berbeda pada tiap studi (etanol, NaCl, prednison, monosodium glutamat, diet tinggi lemak dan fruktosa). Intervensi yang diberikan berupa ekstrak etanol buah (70% dan 96%), jus buah, sari buah, serta ekstrak etanol daun (70% dan 95%) dengan variasi dosis yang lebar. Seluruh studi melaporkan penurunan tekanan darah yang signifikan setelah pemberian Averrhoa bilimbi, dengan rentang penurunan tekanan darah sistolik 14–102 mmHg dan diastolik 17–50 mmHg. Averrhoa bilimbi menunjukkan efek penurun tekanan darah yang konsisten pada semua hewan model hipertensi dalam studi-studi tersebut. Studi lanjutan diperlukan untuk menentukan profil keamanan Averrhoa bilimbi terutama karena kandungan oksalatnya yang tinggi.References
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