NARATIF REVIEW : POTENSI NEUROFARMAKOLOGIS PEGAGAN (CENTELLA ASIATICA) SEBAGAI KANDIDAT ANTIDEPRESAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v7i1.55401Keywords:
Antidepresan, Centella asiatica, Depresi, Neuroinflamasi, NeuroprotektifAbstract
Depresi merupakan gangguan suasana hati kompleks yang melibatkan disfungsi sistem monoamin, hiperaktivitas sumbu hipotalamus-hipofisis-adrenal (HPA), neuroinflamasi, dan stres oksidatif. Centella asiatica (CA) atau pegagan, yang kaya akan senyawa triterpenoid, flavonoid, dan saponin, berpotensi sebagai agen neuroprotektif alami. Keterbatasan terapi antidepresan sintetis, terutama terkait efek samping penggunaan jangka panjang, mendorong pengembangan alternatif berbasis bahan alam. Kajian naratif ini bertujuan mengintegrasikan bukti ilmiah mengenai mekanisme neurofarmakologis CA terhadap patofisiologi depresi. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan secara sistematis pada basis data PubMed, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, NCBI, ProQuest, dan Google Scholar. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak CA secara konsisten memberikan efek antidepresan melalui penurunan durasi imobilitas pada uji Forced Swim Test (FST) dan Tail Suspension Test (TST), di mana dosis menengah sekitar 200 mg/kgBB memberikan efektivitas paling stabil dan sebanding dengan obat standar seperti imipramine dan fluoxetine. Secara neurobiologis, CA menstabilkan sumbu HPA melalui penurunan kadar kortisol plasma, meningkatkan faktor neurotropik seperti BDNF, serta melindungi neuron hipokampus dari atrofi akibat stres kronis. Selain itu, senyawa aktif CA seperti madecassic acid terbukti menekan sitokin pro-inflamasi (IL-1β, IL-6) dan stres oksidatif di otak. Simpulannya, CA bekerja sebagai agen antidepresan multitarget yang efektif dan aman melalui mekanisme antiinflamasi, antioksidan, dan neuroprotektif. Temuan ini mendukung potensi CA sebagai kandidat terapi antidepresan herbal, meskipun uji klinis lebih lanjut masih diperlukan untuk standardisasi efikasi pada manusia.References
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