PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN RISPERIDONE TERHADAP INDEKS MASSA TUBUH PADA PASIEN SKIZOFERNIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v7i1.55015Keywords:
Skizofrenia, Risperidon, Indeks Massa TubuhAbstract
Skizofrenia merupakan gangguan mental kronis yang ditandai oleh gejala psikosis dan memerlukan terapi jangka panjang, salah satunya menggunakan risperidone. Meskipun efektif dalam mengontrol gejala, risperidone diketahui berpotensi menyebabkan perubahan metabolik, termasuk peningkatan indeks massa tubuh (IMT). Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan adanya kenaikan berat badan yang signifikan pada tahap awal terapi, namun temuan lain justru tidak menemukan perubahan bermakna, sehingga diperlukan kajian lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi apakah penggunaan risperidon berkaitan dengan perubahan IMT pada pasien skizofrenia. Penelitian dilakukan di RS Ernaldi Bahar, Palembang, antara Agustus dan November 2025, dengan desain observasional analitik dan potong lintang (cross-sectional). Sebanyak 89 pasien yang menggunakan risperidon dan memiliki data tinggi serta berat badan terbaru dimasukkan ke dalam studi. Data dikumpulkan dari rekam medis serta pengukuran langsung, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas responden berada pada usia 18–59 tahun (93,3%) dan berjenis kelamin laki-laki (74,2%). Uji statistik menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna antara IMT sebelum dan sesudah penggunaan risperidone dengan nilai p < 0,001, di mana 67 dari 89 pasien mengalami peningkatan IMT. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa risperidone berhubungan dengan perubahan IMT secara signifikan pada populasi penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, penggunaan risperidone berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan IMT pada pasien skizofrenia, sehingga pemantauan status nutrisi perlu dilakukan secara berkala untuk mencegah risiko metabolik jangka panjang.References
Abuse, S., & Mental Health Services Administration. (2016). Impact of the DSM-IV to DSM-5 Changes on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. CBHSQ Methodology Report.
Ardic, U. A., Küçükköse, M., Inci, S. B., & Ercan, E. S. (2018). Efficacy and Safety Profile of Risperidone Long-acting Injection in Adolescents in a Real-life Setting. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci, 16(1), 57–61. https://doi.org/10.9758/cpn.2018.16.1.57
Bazzoni, M., Adragna, C., & Carucci, S. (2023). Medico e Bambino. Medico E Bambino, 42(2), 111–115. https://doi.org/10.53126/MEB42111
Buscemi, J., Rybak, T. M., Berlin, K. S., Murphy, J. G., & Raynor, H. A. (2017). Impact of Food Craving and Calorie Intake on Body Mass Index (BMI) Changes During an 18-month Behavioral Weight Loss Trial. J Behav Med, 40(4), 565–573. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-017-9824-4
Calarge, C. A., Acion, L., Kuperman, S., Tansey, M., & Schlechte, J. A. (2009). Weight Gain and Metabolic Abnormalities During Extended Risperidone Treatment in Children and Adolescents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 19(2), 101–109. https://doi.org/10.1089/cap.2008.007
Chokhawala, K. P., & Stevens, L. (2023). Antipsychotic Medications. StatPearls.
Dayabandara, M., Hanwella, R., Ratnatunga, S., Seneviratne, S., Suraweera, C., & Silva, V. A. de. (2017). Antipsychotic-associated Weight Gain: Management Strategies and Impact on Treatment Adherence. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 13, 2231–2241. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S113099
Goyal, J., & Rakhra, G. (2024). Sedentarism and Chronic Health Problems. Korean Journal of Family Medicine, 45(5), 239–257. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.24.0099
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2019). Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. Lembaga Penerbit Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan.
Koceva, A., Herman, R., Janez, A., Rakusa, M., & Jensterle, M. (2024). Sex- and Gender-Related Differences in Obesity: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci, 25(13), 7342. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137342
Kokubun, K., Nemoto, K., & Yamakawa, Y. (2025). The Relationship of Education Level, Lifestyle, and Personality to BMI and Obesity Differs Between Men and Women. Obesities, 5(4), 69. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/obesities5040069
Madaan, V., Bestha, D. P., Kolli, V., Jauhari, S., & Burket, R. C. (2011). Clinical Utility of the Risperidone Formulations in the Management of Schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 7, 611–620. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S14385
Mahanggi, O., Rahem, A., & Nita, Y. (2023). Pembiayaan Pasien Skizofrenia Paranoid. Journal of Telenursing (JOTING), 5(2), 2577–2584. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31539/joting.v5i2.7325
Matera, E., Cristofano, G., Furente, F., Marzulli, L., Tarantini, M., Margari, L., Piarulli, F. M., Giacomo, A. De, & Petruzzelli, M. G. (2022). Glucose and Lipid Profiles Predict Anthropometric Changes in Drug-Naïve Adolescents Starting Treatment with Risperidone or Sertraline: A Pilot Study. Biomedicines, 11(1), 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11010048
Monda, A., Stefano, M. I. de, Villano, I., Allocca, S., Casillo, M., Messina, A., Monda, V., Moscatelli, F., Dipace, A., & Polito, R. (2024). Ultra-Processed Food Intake and Increased Risk of Obesity: A Narrative Review. Foods, 13(16), 2627. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13162627
Mosavat, M., Mirsanjari, M., Arabiat, D., Smyth, A., & Whitehead, L. (2021). The Role of Sleep Curtailment on Leptin Levels in Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus. Obes Facts, 14(2), 214–221. https://doi.org/10.1159/000514095
Patel, K. R., Cherian, J., Gohil, K., & Atkinson, D. (2014). Schizophrenia: Overview and Treatment Options. Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 39(9), 638–645.
Purnell, J. Q. (2023). Definitions, Classification, and Epidemiology of Obesity. National Library of Medicine.
Qatrunnada, R. D. (2022). Faktor Penyebab Kejadian Kelebihan Berat Badan dan Obesitas pada Anak-anak dan Dewasa. Media Gizi Kesmas, 11(1), 318–326.
Qiu, Y., Dong, Y., Sun, W., Li, G., Li, M. J., Zhao, Y., Jiang, C., & Li, J. (2023). Metabolic Biomarkers of Risperidone-induced Weight Gain in drug-naïve Patients with Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1144873
Rahajeng, B., & Akbar, S. K. (2023). Kajian Penggunaan dan Efek Samping Risperidone di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Grhasia Yogyakarta. Cerata Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi, 14(2), 120–128. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.61902/cerata.v14i2.597
Romieu, I., Dossus, L., & Willett, W. C. (2017). Energy Balance and Obesity. International Agency for Research on Cancer, 119.
Scahill, L., Jeon, S., Boorin, S. J., McDougle, C. J., Aman, M. G., Dziura, J., McCracken, J. T., Caprio, S., Arnold, L. E., Nicol, G., Deng, Y., Challa, S. A., & Vitiello, B. (2016). Weight Gain and Metabolic Consequences of Risperidone in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 55(5), 415–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.02.016
Spertus, J., Horvitz-Lennon, M., Abing, H., & Normand, S.-L. (2018). Risk of Weight Gain for Specific Antipsychotic Drugs: a Meta-analysis. NPJ Schizophr, 4(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41537-018-0053-9
Taheri, S., Lin, L., Austin, D., Young, T., & Mignot, E. (2004). Short Sleep Duration Is Associated with Reduced Leptin, Elevated Ghrelin, and Increased Body Mass Index. PLoS Med, 1(3), 210–217. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0010062
The Medical Biocemistry Page. (2026). Gut-Brain Interrelationships and Control of Feeding Behavior. The Medical Biochemistry.
Verhaegen, A. A., & Gaal, L. F. Van. (2019). Drugs That Affect Body Weight, Body Fat Distribution, and Metabolism. National Library of Medicine.
Wan, X.-Q., Zeng, F., Huang, X.-F., Yang, H.-Q., Wang, L., Shi, Y.-C., Chang, Z.-H., & Lin, S. (2020). Risperidone Stimulates Food Intake and Induces Body Weight Gain via the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus 5-HT2c Receptor-NPY Pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther, 26(6), 558–566. https://doi.org/10.1111/cns.13281
WHO. (2025). Nutrition for a healthy life – WHO recommendations. World Health Organization.
World Health Organization. (2025). Schizophrenia. WHO.
Yang, H., & Wu, H. (2024). Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Risperidone Treatment in Patients with First-Episode Schizophrenia. Noro Psikiyatr Ars, 61(4), 351–357. https://doi.org/10.29399/npa.28712
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Jose Fabian, Lie T. Merijanti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
