TINJAUAN ARTIKEL : KEJADIAN SINDROM METABOLIK PADA PASIEN DENGAN GANGGUAN JIWA DI INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v6i4.54846Keywords:
Antipsikotik, Gangguan jiwa, Sindrom metabolikAbstract
Sindrom metabolik (SM) merupakan kumpulan faktor risiko metabolik yang mencakup obesitas sentral, dislipidemia, peningkatan glukosa darah, dan hipertensi, yang meningkatkan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Pasien dengan gangguan jiwa, khususnya yang menggunakan antipsikotik, memiliki risiko lebih tinggi mengalami SM akibat kombinasi faktor farmakologis dan gaya hidup. Tinjauan artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kejadian sindrom metabolik pada pasien dengan gangguan jiwa di Indonesia. Penelusuran pustaka dilakukan melalui basis data Google Scholar dengan menggunakan kata kunci “Sindrom Metabolik” DAN (“Gangguan Jiwa” ATAU “Psikiatri” ATAU “Skizofrenia”), yang kemudian diseleksi dengan kriteria inklusi. Sebanyak lima artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Prevalensi sindrom metabolik pada pasien gangguan jiwa di Indonesia berkisar antara 37,9% hingga 48,6%. Komponen SM yang paling sering ditemukan meliputi obesitas, dislipidemia, hipertensi, dan peningkatan glukosa darah puasa. Penggunaan antipsikotik atipikal seperti risperidon, olanzapin, dan clozapin berhubungan dengan peningkatan berat badan, resistensi insulin, dan hiperglikemia. Selain faktor obat, usia, jenis kelamin, pola makan, dan kurangnya aktivitas fisik turut memperburuk risiko terjadinya SM.References
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