PANAS EKSTREM TROPIS SEBAGAI DETERMINAN LINGKUNGAN RISIKO STROKE DI ASIA TENGGARA : TINJAUAN LITERATUR SISTEMATIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v7i1.54627Keywords:
Asia Tenggara, gelombang panas, panas ekstrem, perubahan iklim, strokeAbstract
Panas ekstrem tropis di Asia Tenggara, diperkuat oleh perubahan iklim dan urbanisasi, berpotensi meningkatkan risiko stroke. Kajian literatur sistematis ini bertujuan menyintesis bukti empiris mengenai hubungan antara paparan panas ekstrem dan kejadian stroke di kawasan tropis lembap ini, serta meneliti mekanisme biologis dan implikasi kesehatan masyarakat yang relevan dalam konteks iklim tropis. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan systematic narrative literature review berdasarkan pedoman PRISMA 2020. Sebanyak 18 studi observasional memenuhi kriteria inklusi, dan studi tersebut dari Januari 2010 hingga Januari 2025 di Asia Tenggara dianalisis, dengan penilaian kualitas menggunakan Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Mayoritas studi menunjukkan korelasi konsisten antara paparan panas ekstrem (termasuk gelombang panas) dan peningkatan kejadian stroke. Penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan risiko stroke selama periode panas ekstrem, dengan estimasi peningkatan risiko berkisar antara 1,6% hingga 6,2% untuk setiap kenaikan 1 °C di atas ambang lokal. Populasi yang paling rentan adalah kelompok lanjut usia, penduduk perkotaan padat, dan individu dengan komorbiditas kardiovaskular. Secara biologis, panas ekstrem memicu dehidrasi, peningkatan viskositas darah, dan disfungsi endotel vaskular. Panas ekstrem tropis merupakan determinan lingkungan penting yang berkontribusi signifikan terhadap peningkatan beban stroke di Asia Tenggara. Hasil ini menekankan perlunya integrasi adaptasi perubahan iklim ke dalam kebijakan kesehatan masyarakat untuk menurunkan beban penyakit serebrovaskular di kawasan tropis.References
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