EDUCATION INTERVENTIONS FOR REDUCING INTERDIALYTIC WEIGHT GAIN IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS: A SCOPING REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v7i1.54171Keywords:
Education, hemodialysis, interdialytic weight gain, scoping reviewAbstract
Penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) memengaruhi sekitar 850 juta orang di seluruh dunia, dengan pasien hemodialisis (HD) yang mengalami kesulitan dalam peningkatan berat badan interdialitik (IDWG), disebabkan kepatuhan cairan yang buruk, sehingga berisiko hipervolemia dan komplikasi kardiovaskular. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memetakan bukti dari RCT terbaru mengenai intervensi pendidikan untuk mengurangi IDWG pada pasien hemodialisis, mengidentifikasi karakteristik studi, hasil, alat, dan celah intervensi pendidikan. Scoping review ini mengikuti panduan JBI/PRISMA-ScR untuk mensintesis RCT berkualitas tinggi (2016-2025), guna menginformasikan program pendidikan klinis. Pencarian database (PubMed, Scopus, OpenAlex) dimulai hingga Desember 2025 menggunakan kerangka PCC (populasi: dewasa ≥18 tahun dengan HD; konsep: pendidikan untuk IDWG atau pembatasan cairan; konteks: pengaturan HD apa pun). RCT disaring (n=1.058 menjadi 6 setelah deduplikasi dan eksklusi). Data diekstrak secara independen mengenai metodologi, peserta, intervensi, durasi, hasil, dan diikuti sintesis naratif. Hasil: Sebanyak 6 RCT dari Iran, Turki, India; n=50–102, rata-rata usia 28–60 tahun, 50–67% laki-laki, hipertensi atau diabetes mellitus umum, intervensi 8 minggu hingga 4 bulan) menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan individual, kelompok, dan telehealth dengan media buku saku, SMS, rekan sebaya dapat mengurangi IDWG sebesar 0,3–1,3 kg (p<0,05–0,001), meningkatkan kepatuhan diet, pembatasan cairan, dan kehadiran HD (p<0,001 melalui ESRD-AQ, DDFQ, FCHPS), serta memperbaiki tekanan darah dan Kt/V. Komponen dominan adalah cairan/diet (100%) dan obat (67%), bersumber dari Asia (67%). Kesimpulannya intervensi pendidikan efektif mengendalikan IDWG pada pasien hemodialisis melalui format yang disesuaikan atau berulang yang mengungguli perawatan rutin.References
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