HUBUNGAN SELENIUM DAN ZINC DALAM PENCEGAHAN PENUAAN : TINJAUAN LITERATUR DAN APLIKASI DALAM ANTI-AGING MEDICINE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v6i4.53358Keywords:
anti-aging, selenium, zincAbstract
Penuaan biologis merupakan proses kompleks yang ditandai oleh akumulasi kerusakan oksidatif, pemendekan telomer, dan immunosenescence. Selenium (Se) dan zinc (Zn) adalah mikronutrien esensial yang berperan fundamental dalam memodulasi mekanisme pertahanan seluler tersebut. Tinjauan literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi peran molekuler selenium dan zinc dalam pencegahan penuaan serta aplikasi klinisnya dalam anti-aging medicine. Penelitian ini disusun menggunakan metode narrative review dengan menganalisis 40 artikel terpilih dari database PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar dengan rentang publikasi tahun 2015–2025. Penelusuran literatur menggunakan pendekatan PICO yang berfokus pada mekanisme epigenetik, stabilitas genom, dan uji klinis pada populasi dewasa dan lansia. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa selenium dan zinc secara langsung memodulasi biological aging clock. Defisiensi selenium (<90 µg/L) berkorelasi signifikan dengan percepatan penuaan epigenetik yang diukur dengan DunedinPACE, meskipun manfaatnya terhadap pemanjangan telomer bersifat age-dependent (signifikan pada lansia ≥65 tahun). Pada zinc, ditemukan hubungan dosis non-linear (kurva berbentuk U); asupan adekuat terbukti menjaga stabilitas genom dan menurunkan kerusakan DNA, namun dosis berlebih (>40 mg/hari) justru mempercepat penuaan biologis. Efektivitas suplementasi juga sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor nutrigenomik, termasuk variasi genotipe IL-6 dan p53. Selenium dan zinc bekerja secara sinergis menghambat penuaan dini melalui proteksi mitokondria, perbaikan DNA, dan regulasi inflamasi. Aplikasi klinis dalam anti-aging medicine harus mengutamakan strategi personalisasi dosis untuk mengoreksi defisiensi dan menghindari toksisitas. Pemantauan status nutrisi dan skrining genetik direkomendasikan untuk mencapai hasil preventif yang optimal.References
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