ANALISIS OBAT GOLONGAN ANTIBIOTIK DAN ANALGESIK DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI VISIBEL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v7i1.52890Keywords:
antibiotik; analgesik; spektrofotometri visibel; validasi metode; analisis kadar obat; kompleks berwarnaAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau secara kritis perkembangan dan penerapan metode spektrofotometri visibel dalam analisis obat golongan antibiotik dan analgesik, guna memberikan dasar ilmiah bagi pengembangan metode yang selektif dan akurat. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi literature review terhadap 24 artikel nasional dan internasional terbaru yang relevan, dengan fokus pada jenis senyawa yang dianalisis, matriks sampel, prinsip pembentukan warna atau kompleks, serta parameter validasi seperti linearitas, presisi, akurasi, LOD, dan LOQ. Hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa spektrofotometri visibel banyak digunakan untuk analisis analgesik–antipiretik (misalnya parasetamol, kafein, tramadol, dan kombinasi propyphenazone) serta antibiotik (golongan β-laktam, aminoglikosida, dan tetrasiklin). Pendekatan yang umum digunakan meliputi pembentukan kompleks berwarna dengan reagen seperti ninhidrin, 1,10-fenantrolin, bromokresol green, dan pereaksi diazotisasi, yang terbukti menghasilkan metode sensitif dan stabil dengan tingkat linearitas tinggi (r ≥ 0,999) serta recovery sesuai standar Farmakope Indonesia dan ICH Q2(R1). Meskipun demikian, masih terdapat kesenjangan penelitian dalam pengembangan metode spektrofotometri visibel yang mampu secara simultan menganalisis antibiotik dan analgesik dalam satu sistem, khususnya pada matriks kompleks seperti kombinasi sediaan tablet. Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa pemanfaatan spektrofotometri, baik di daerah UV maupun tampak, telah menjadi metode yang dominan digunakan untuk penetapan kadar zat aktif dalam berbagai sediaan farmasi, terutama parasetamol dan kombinasi analgetik–antipiretik, disusul oleh beberapa studi terkait antibiotik seperti amoksisilin, gentamisin, tetrasiklin, kloramfenikol, serta aminoglikosida lain.References
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