ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS PROGRAM WASH (WATER, SANITATION, AND HYGIENE) TERHADAP INSIDENSI DIARE PADA ANAK BALITA DI INDONESIA : LITERATURE REVIEW 2020-2025
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v6i4.52093Abstract
Diare masih menjadi salah satu penyebab utama angka kesakitan serta kematian pada anak balita di Indonesia. Tingginya kasus diare berkaitan erat dengan keterbatasan akses pada air bersih, kondisi sanitasi lingkungan yang tidak memadai, serta perilaku higiene yang kurang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan menelaah efektivitas program Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) dalam menurunkan kejadian diare pada balita di Indonesia melalui kajian literatur. Metode penelitian mempergunakan pendekatan literature review deskriptif dengan menelusuri artikel pada basis data Google Scholar, PubMed, dan ScienceDirect selama periode 2020–2025. Dari 5.496 artikel yang ditemukan, sepuluh artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi serta dianalisis lebih lanjut. Temuan telaah mengindikasikan bahwasanya ketersediaan air bersih, pengelolaan limbah rumah tangga, fasilitas sanitasi yang layak, serta praktik mencuci tangan dengan sabun berkorelasi signifikan dengan penurunan insiden diare. Penyebaran vektor yang terjadi karena rendahnya ketersediaan fasilitas tempat pembuangan sampah rumah tangga dan jamban dapat menyebabkan diare karena adanya patogen pada makanan, peralatan makan, dan lingkungan rumah tangga. Faktor sosial ekonomi, pengetahuan ibu, dan kondisi kepadatan lingkungan turut berperan dalam memengaruhi efektivitas intervensi. Secara keseluruhan, kombinasi antara peningkatan perilaku higiene personal dan perbaikan infrastruktur sanitasi terbukti efektif dalam mengurangi risiko penularan penyakit berbasis air. Oleh karena itu, penguatan program STBM dan edukasi kesehatan berbasis masyarakat menjadi strategi penting dalam menurunkan angka kejadian diare secara berkelanjutan.References
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