INTEGRASI TEORI JOB DEMANDS–RESOURCES (JD-R) DAN CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES (COR) DALAM MEMAHAMI STRES KERJA TENAGA KESEHATAN DI ERA DIGITAL: LITERATUR RIVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v6i4.51765Keywords:
JD-R, COR, Technostress, Tenaga Kesehatan, Digitalisasi, Stres Kerja, PuskesmasAbstract
Transformasi digital dalam sistem pelayanan kesehatan di Indonesia telah membawa kemajuan besar dalam efisiensi dan akuntabilitas, tetapi juga menghadirkan konsekuensi baru terhadap kesejahteraan psikososial tenaga kesehatan. Implementasi berbagai aplikasi seperti e-Puskesmas, P-Care BPJS, dan SIKDA menciptakan tuntutan digital berbasis target (digital job demands) yang sering kali memperluas beban administratif dan meningkatkan risiko technostress apabila tidak disertai dukungan sumber daya yang memadai. Artikel tinjauan literatur ini bertujuan mengkaji secara kritis mekanisme stres kerja tenaga kesehatan di era digital melalui integrasi dua pendekatan teoretis utama, yaitu Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) dan Conservation of Resources (COR). Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui basis data Scopus, PubMed, dan ScienceDirect dengan kata kunci technostress, digital job demands, job resources, healthcare workers, dan COR theory. Dari hasil telaah terhadap 42 publikasi ilmiah periode 2020–2025, ditemukan bahwa peningkatan tuntutan digital cenderung memicu kehilangan sumber daya (resource loss) seperti waktu, energi, dan kontrol kerja, yang berkontribusi terhadap meningkatnya stres dan burnout. Sebaliknya, job resources seperti dukungan organisasi, pelatihan digital, otonomi kerja, dan literasi teknologi terbukti berperan sebagai faktor protektif terhadap tekanan digital. Integrasi teori JD-R dan COR memberikan kerangka konseptual yang lebih komprehensif untuk menjelaskan dinamika adaptasi tenaga kesehatan terhadap sistem digital, sekaligus menawarkan arah baru bagi pengembangan strategi manajemen stres berbasis sumber daya yang lebih manusiawi di layanan primer Indonesia.References
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