APPLICATIONS OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR THEORIES IN DIETARY BEHAVIOR CHANGE INTERVENTIONS : A SCOPING REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v6i4.51584Keywords:
behavior change intervention, dietary behavior change, health behavior theoryAbstract
Perilaku makan merupakan salah satu faktor risiko penyakit kronis. Namun, banyak tantangan ditemukan dalam upaya mengubah perilaku makan masyarakat. Teori perilaku kesehatan menunjukkan faktor-faktor penentu perubahan perilaku pada level individu dan lingkungan sebagai panduan dalam merancang program intervensi. Studi intervensi telah menunjukkan efek positif dari intervensi berbasis teori dalam mengubah perilaku makan. Akan tetapi, penelitian yang mengukur perubahan konstruk teori terkait perilaku makan masih terbatas. Scoping review ini menelusuri dampak dari program intervensi berbasis teori pada perubahan konstruksi teori dan perilaku makan, sekaligus mendeskripsikan strategi intervensi yang digunakan. Pencarian artikel dilakukan melalui PubMed untuk randomized controlled trials (RCTs) yang dipublikasikan tahun 2014–2024, melibatkan orang dewasa (≥19 tahun), dan memberikan intervensi berbasis teori untuk mengubah perilaku makan. Empat belas studi dimasukkan dalam scoping review ini. Theory of Planned Behavior adalah yang paling sering digunakan (n=7). Durasi intervensi antara 2 minggu hingga 12 bulan (median 10 minggu). Strategi yang diterapkan meliputi rangkaian edukasi sesuai karakteristik target sasaran, pembelajaran praktik, serta pendampingan intensif. Intervensi seperti ini mampu meningkatkan konstruk teori seperti efikasi diri, niat, sikap, serta memperbaiki pola makan. Namun, belum ada studi yang secara langsung mengevaluasi hubungan antara peningkatan konstruk teori dengan perubahan perilaku makan. Selain itu, hanya sedikit studi yang mengevaluasi efek jangka panjang lebih dari enam bulan. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa intervensi berbasis teori dapat memperbaiki konstruk teori dan perilaku makan melalui rangkaian edukasi yang terstruktur dan pengalaman praktis. Penelitian selanjutnya sebaiknya mengevaluasi dampak jangka panjang dan analisis mediasi untuk memperjelas bagaimana perubahan pada konstruks teori memengaruhi perilaku makan.References
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