PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI TERHADAP ESCHERCHIA COLI MELALUI EKSTRAKSI ETANOLIK KULIT DURIO ZIBETHINUS MURR. VAR. SOYA : STUDI KOMPARATIF FITOKIMIA DAN INHIBITOR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v7i1.51469Keywords:
Aktivitas Antibakteri, Ekstrak Etanol, Escherichia coli, Fitokimia, Kulit Durian SoyaAbstract
Kontaminasi Escherichia coli pada air minum merupakan tantangan kesehatan masyarakat global yang mendesak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dan membandingkan potensi antibakteri antara simplisia serbuk dan ekstrak etanol 96% kulit durian varietas Soya (Durio zibethinus Murr. var. Soya), varietas lokal dari Maluku , terhadap pertumbuhan E. coli ATCC 25922. Metode penelitian eksperimental ini melibatkan preparasi simplisia melalui pengeringan dan ekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi. Kedua sediaan dianalisis secara fitokimia kualitatif dan kuantitatif (Spektrofotometri UV-Vis). Uji daya hambat antibakteri dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi cakram Kirby-Bauer. Hasil skrining kualitatif menunjukkan kedua sediaan positif mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, fenol, dan tanin. Analisis kuantitatif membuktikan bahwa proses ekstraksi secara signifikan meningkatkan konsentrasi senyawa bioaktif ; terutama fenol total (meningkat dari 17,98% pada simplisia menjadi 57,49% pada ekstrak ) dan alkaloid (0,32% menjadi 1,71% ). Hasil uji antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol secara konsisten memiliki daya hambat yang superior (p < 0.0001 ) dibandingkan simplisia pada semua konsentrasi. Pada konsentrasi 15%, ekstrak menghasilkan zona hambat rata-rata 15,40 mm, sementara simplisia 11,44 mm. Uji lanjut Tukey mengonfirmasi bahwa efektivitas ekstrak pada konsentrasi 3% (8,26 mm) setara secara statistik dengan simplisia pada konsentrasi 7% (8,13 mm). Disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol kulit durian Soya secara signifikan lebih poten sebagai inhibitor E. coli. Superioritas ini diatribusikan pada konsentrasi senyawa fenolik dan bioaktif lainnya yang lebih tinggi akibat proses ekstraksi.References
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