PENGARUH TINGKAT KESADARAN TERHADAP PROGNOSIS PASIEN STROKE : LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v6i4.51456Keywords:
Glasgow Coma Scale, Tingkat kesadaran, prognosis, Stroke, Tingkat keparahanAbstract
Stroke adalah gangguan fungsional otak akibat hambatan aliran darah, baik karena sumbatan maupun perdarahan, dan merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian serta disabilitas di dunia. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) menjadi indikator penting untuk menilai tingkat keparahan stroke karena mencerminkan tingkat kesadaran pasien saat tiba di rumah sakit, di mana penurunan skor GCS menunjukkan kerusakan otak yang lebih luas dan berhubungan dengan meningkatnya risiko mortalitas serta luaran fungsional yang buruk. Meskipun banyak penelitian telah membahas hubungan GCS dengan luaran klinis, masih terdapat kesenjangan bukti mengenai konsistensinya sebagai indikator prognostik selama rawat inap dalam satu dekade terakhir. Penelitian ini meninjau sembilan artikel yang diterbitkan sepuluh tahun terakhir yang sesuai kriteria inklusi, yaitu penelitian berbahasa Indonesia dan Inggris yang menganalisis hubungan tingkat kesadaran dengan prognosis seperti mortalitas, lama rawat inap, komplikasi, dan disabilitas. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa skor GCS rendah secara konsisten berkaitan dengan risiko kematian lebih tinggi, komplikasi neurologis, dan disabilitas jangka panjang, mencerminkan kerusakan pada area vital otak seperti batang otak dan sistem retikular aktivasi. Dengan demikian, GCS terbukti menjadi indikator prognostik yang andal dalam menilai keparahan stroke dan memprediksi luaran klinis, sehingga pemantauan sejak awal sangat penting untuk menentukan penatalaksanaan dan rencana rehabilitasi.References
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