KEPATUHAN PROFILAKSIS BENZATHINE PENICILLIN G DAN KEPARAHAN PENYAKIT JANTUNG REMATIK : LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v6i4.51194Keywords:
benzathine penicillin G, demam rematik akut, faktor risiko, kepatuhan, penyakit jantung rematik, acute rheumatic fever, adherence, rheumatic heart disease, risk factorsAbstract
Penyakit Jantung Rematik (PJR) merupakan salah satu penyakit kardiovaskular dengan angka mortalitas tinggi secara global, terutama di negara berkembang. Penyakit ini merupakan komplikasi kronis dari demam rematik akut (ARF) yang disebabkan oleh infeksi Streptococcus grup A dan ditandai dengan kerusakan katup jantung permanen. Upaya pencegahan sekunder menggunakan Benzathine Penicillin G (BPG) terbukti efektif mencegah kekambuhan ARF dan memperlambat progresivitas PJR, meskipun tingkat kepatuhan pasien masih rendah. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian literatur yang bertujuan menelaah hubungan antara kepatuhan terhadap profilaksis sekunder BPG dan tingkat keparahan PJR. Pencarian dilakukan melalui PubMed dan Google Scholar menggunakan kata kunci terkait, dan diperoleh sepuluh artikel terbitan 2020–2025 yang dianalisis secara deskriptif-naratif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kepatuhan tinggi terhadap BPG secara signifikan menurunkan risiko progresi PJR dari derajat ringan ke berat, meningkatkan regresi lesi valvular, serta menekan angka kekambuhan ARF dan mortalitas. Faktor yang memengaruhi kepatuhan meliputi akses pelayanan, status sosial ekonomi, nyeri injeksi, dan kurangnya edukasi. Kepatuhan tinggi terhadap profilaksis BPG memiliki peran krusial dalam pengendalian progresivitas PJR. Diperlukan pendekatan komprehensif melalui edukasi kesehatan, pelatihan tenaga medis, sistem tindak lanjut yang terintegrasi, serta dukungan kebijakan publik untuk memastikan keberlanjutan program profilaksis di wilayah endemis.References
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