DIAGNOSIS DAN PROGNOSIS ENSEFALOPATI HIPERTENSI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v6i4.50990Keywords:
ensefalopati hipertensi, hipertensi, edema vasogenik, autoregulasi serebral, prognosisAbstract
Ensefalopati Hipertensi merupakan salah satu bentuk kegawatdaruratan hipertensi yang ditandai oleh disfungsi neurologis akut akibat peningkatan tekanan darah mendadak dan berat. Kondisi ini berkaitan dengan kegagalan mekanisme autoregulasi serebral yang menyebabkan edema vasogenik dan gangguan fungsi otak. Diagnosis seringkali sulit ditegakkan secara dini karena gejalanya menyerupai stroke, sehingga diperlukan pemahaman yang komprehensif mengenai patofisiologi, diagnosis, serta prognosis nya. Penelitian ini bertujuan meninjau aspek patofisiologi, pendekatan diagnosis, serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi prognosis pada Ensefalopati Hipertensi. Metode yang digunakan adalah tinjauan pustaka terhadap literatur ilmiah yang diperoleh melalui database PubMed, Google Scholar, dan ProQuest dalam kurun waktu 2015–2025. Kriteria inklusi mencakup literatur berbahasa Indonesia dan Inggris yang relevan dengan topik ensefalopati hipertensi, sedangkan kriteria eksklusi meliputi artikel non-ilmiah dan sumber yang tidak dapat diakses secara penuh. Analisis literatur menunjukkan bahwa ensefalopati hipertensi terjadi akibat kerusakan autoregulasi serebrovaskular yang menimbulkan edema vasogenik difus. Diagnosis didukung oleh temuan klinis dan pencitraan MRI yang memperlihatkan edema parieto-oksipital. Prognosis lebih baik pada pasien yang mendapatkan penanganan cepat dan penurunan tekanan darah terkontrol, sedangkan hasil buruk ditemukan pada pasien dengan hipertensi kronik, keterlambatan terapi, dan adanya komorbiditas.References
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Copyright (c) 2025 M. Fathir Rahadian Ansary, Hanum Retno Hanifah, Afdhila Anugerah Fawaiz, Arysatya Syandana Ararya Santoso, Baiq Ghefira Rojwani Putri Salsabila, Ilsa Hunaifi
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