FAKTOR RISIKO YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN TERJADINYA GLAUKOMA : TINJAUAN LITERATUR

Authors

  • Aulia Putri Mussyafa S1 Kedokteran, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Mataram

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v6i4.50663

Keywords:

Diabetes Melitus, Glaukoma, Hipertensi, Kebutaan, Tekanan Intraokular

Abstract

Glaukoma menjadi salah satu penyakit mata neurodegeneratif progresif yang dapat menyebabkan kebutaan. Secara global, glaukoma menempati urutan kedua penyebab kebutaan dan urutan keempat penyebab moderate and severe visual impairment. Glaukoma pada fase awal umumnya tidak menunjukkan gejala yang dapat disadari oleh penderitanya sampai terjadi kerusakan saraf optik yang lebih lanjut. Glaukoma bersifat multifaktorial dan memiliki patofisiologi yang kompleks. Sehingga diperlukan deteksi dini untuk menangani risiko lebih besar kehilangan penglihatan secara permanen dengan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang meningkatkan risiko terkena glaukoma. Penelitian ini merupakan tinjauan pustaka dengan desain deskriptif, yang mana pencarian dan peninjauan berbagai sumber kepustakaan dari database online seperti Pubmed, Google Scholar, dan ResearchGate. Pencarian literatur menggunakan beberapa kombinasi kata dan menyaring hasilnya berdasarkan kriteria inkulusi dan eksklusi. Hasil  yang diperoleh adalah glaukoma memiliki beberapa faktor risiko seperti usia lanjut >40 tahun, laki-laki dan perempuan memiliki risiko sama dengan tipe glaukoma yang berbeda, tekanan darah sistolik yang tinggi, riwayat diabetes melitus dan durasi diabetes melitus. Berdasarkan beberapa  penelitian, faktor-faktor risiko tersebut memiliki mekanisme tersendiri yang dapat meningkatkan risiko terkena glaukoma. Salah satunya yaitu dapat meningkatkan tekanan intraokular dan penipisan retinal nerve fiber layer yang lebih awal. Tekanan intraokular yang meningkat dapat merusak saraf optik dan menyebabkan kehilangan penglihatan secara permanen.

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Published

2025-12-28

Issue

Vol. 6 No. 4 (2025): DESEMBER 2025

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Articles

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