FAKTOR RISIKO KERJA DAN KEJADIAN MUSKULOSKELETAL DISORDER PADA PEKERJA KANTOR: LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v6i3.50287Keywords:
musculosceletal disorders, occupational risk, office workAbstract
Secara global gangguan musculoskeletal (MSDs) merupakan masalah kesehatan kerja utama yang sering dialami para pekerja dengan keluhan berbeda-beda. MSDs telah menjadi keluhan umum pada pekerja dengan posisi kerja statis atau gerakan berulang yang sering dialami orang dengan pekerjaan di depan komputer seperti mengetik, menulis, dan membaca. Salah satu pekerja yang melibatkan komputer adalah pekerja kantor yang dapat berdampak pada masalah kesehatan muskuloskeletal disorders. Artikel ini menggunakan metode pendekatan literature review dengan desain studi cross-sectional. Artikel dicari melalui database elektronik secara sistematis di Pubmed, DOAJ, dan Science Direct yang diterbitkan 10 tahun terakhir dan diambil antara tahun (2013-2021) dengan menggunakan kata kunci (occupational risk AND musculoskeletal disorders AND office work). Berdasarkan hasil ekstraksi data dari search engine metode PubMed, DOAJ, dan Science Direct terdapat 20 jurnal yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi serta dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa alat ukur yang paling banyak digunakan adalah Nordic Musculoskeletal (NMQ). Jumlah sampel keseluruhan sebanyak 7256 pekerja kantor laki-laki dan perempuan dari berbagai negara Eropa dan Asia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pekerja kantoran laki-laki dan perempuan paling sering mengeluh nyeri pada punggung bawah (55,1%), leher (52,5%) dan punggung atas (53%). Ada hubungan positif yang signifikan (p<0,05) antara prevalensi MSDs dan faktor-faktor risiko postur tubuh tidak ergonomis saat bekerja, membungkuk yangh tidak tepat, stress di tempat kerja, furniture yang tidak sesuai dan istirahat yang tidak memadai. Berbagai keluhan MSDs pada pekerja kantor disebabkan karena posisi kerja statis atau gerakan berulang saat bekerja di depan komputer. Upaya untuk mengurangi risiko keluhan musculoskeletal disorders yaitu dengan menyesuaikan alat kerja dengan postur kerja pekerja.References
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