SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER : DARI DEFINISI HINGGA PROGNOSIS – LITERATUR REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v6i3.50044Keywords:
gangguan kecemasan sosial, neurobiologis, terapi perilaku kognitifAbstract
Gangguan kecemasan sosial atau Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) merupakan salah satu bentuk gangguan kecemasan dengan prevalensi global berkisar antara 8–31% dan berdampak signifikan pada fungsi akademik, sosial, serta kualitas hidup. Akan tetapi, meskipun prevalensinya tinggi dan berdampak luas, SAD seringkali tidak terdiagnosis sehingga diperlukan tinjauan komprehensif mengenai aspek klinis dari SAD. Penelitian ini bertujuan meninjau aspek definisi, epidemiologi, etiologi, patogenesis, diagnosis, penatalaksanaan, serta komplikasi dari SAD. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah tinjauan naratif berbasis literatur dengan menelaah artikel internasional dan nasional yang relevan dari database PubMed, Scopus, dan Google Scholar dalam kurun 2015–2025. Variabel yang ditinjau mencakup prevalensi, faktor risiko, manifestasi klinis, serta strategi tatalaksana. Data dikumpulkan melalui pencarian sistematis menggunakan kata kunci “social anxiety disorder”, “prevalence”, “neurobiology”, dan “treatment”, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk mengidentifikasi tren epidemiologi, patogenesis, serta pendekatan terapi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa SAD melibatkan interaksi faktor neurobiologis, genetik, lingkungan, dan temperamen. Aktivasi abnormal amigdala serta disregulasi sumbu hipotalamus-pituitari-adrenal berperan penting dalam patogenesis. Intervensi utama mencakup terapi perilaku kognitif (CBT), terapi paparan, serta farmakoterapi dengan SSRI atau SNRI. Prognosis bervariasi, namun deteksi dini dan terapi berkelanjutan terbukti meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien.References
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Copyright (c) 2025 Lalu M. Ardi Praditna, Syarifah Zahwa Maulidiva, Muhammad Rofi Wahyu Setyadi, Lale Justin Amelinda Elizar
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