PREVALENSI STEATOSIS HEPATIS (PERLEMAKAN HATI) PADA MAHASISWA KEDOKTERAN BERDASARKAN PEMERIKSAAN ULTRASONOGRAFI: STUDI DESKRIPTIF
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v6i3.50020Keywords:
gaya hidup, mahasiswa kedokteran, obesitas, steatosis hepatis, ultrasonografiAbstract
Steatosis hepatis atau non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) adalah akumulasi lemak dalam hepatosit tanpa konsumsi alkohol berlebih yang kini menjadi masalah kesehatan global dengan prevalensi 20–30% pada populasi umum. Mahasiswa kedokteran merupakan kelompok berisiko akibat tekanan akademik, pola makan tidak sehat, aktivitas fisik rendah, serta gaya hidup sedentari yang dapat memicu obesitas dan sindrom metabolik. Deteksi dini sangat penting karena kondisi ini berpotensi berkembang menjadi fibrosis, sirosis, hingga karsinoma hepatoseluler. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui prevalensi steatosis hepatis pada mahasiswa kedokteran tahap preklinik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Cenderawasih. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi deskriptif potong lintang dengan populasi seluruh mahasiswa tahap preklinik tahun ke-3 dan 4 sebanyak 188 orang. Sampel minimal ditetapkan 114, dan terkumpul 125 responden. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner mengenai demografi, pola makan, aktivitas fisik, serta pemeriksaan ultrasonografi (USG) hati oleh dokter spesialis radiologi. Variabel utama adalah derajat steatosis hepatis berdasarkan peningkatan ekogenitas hati dibanding parenkim ginjal, dengan analisis deskriptif berupa distribusi frekuensi dan persentase. Hasil menunjukkan prevalensi steatosis hepatis sebesar 8,8%, terdiri atas 4,8% derajat ringan dan 4,0% sedang. Sebagian besar mahasiswa (91,2%) normal, namun 44% mengalami kelebihan berat badan (13,6% overweight dan 30,4% obesitas). Pola konsumsi makanan cepat saji, minuman manis, serta aktivitas sedentari tinggi mendominasi. Kesimpulannya, prevalensi steatosis hepatis pada mahasiswa cukup bermakna dan berhubungan dengan status gizi berlebih serta perilaku gaya hidup tidak sehat. Pemeriksaan USG terbukti efektif sebagai metode skrining dini untuk intervensi preventif di lingkungan kampus. Kata kunci: gaya hidup, mahasiswa kedokteran, obesitas, steatosis hepatis, ultrasonografiReferences
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