CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VITAMIN D INTAKE, LINEAR GROWTH IMPAIRMENT, AND THE RISK OF STUNTING IN CHILDREN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v6i3.49649Keywords:
Vitamin D, 1,25(OH)₂D₃, calcitriol, calciferol, height, child growth, stunting, child, children, childhoodAbstract
Stunting adalah gangguan gizi kronis yang menghambat pertumbuhan linear anak-anak dan tetap menjadi masalah kesehatan global dan nasional yang serius. Kekurangan vitamin D dapat mengganggu fungsi plat pertumbuhan dan meningkatkan risiko stunting. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi secara kritis hubungan antara asupan vitamin D, pertumbuhan linear, dan risiko stunting pada anak-anak, berdasarkan bukti dari uji klinis terkontrol acak (RCT). Ulasan sistematis literatur dilakukan menggunakan basis data PubMed dan ScienceDirect. Kriteria pencarian meliputi publikasi dalam lima tahun terakhir (2021–2025), ketersediaan teks lengkap, bahasa Inggris, dan desain RCT. Istilah pencarian Boolean diterapkan: “Vitamin D” ATAU “1,25(OH)₂D₃” ATAU “Calcitriol” ATAU “Calciferol” DAN “tinggi badan” ATAU “pertumbuhan anak” ATAU “stunting” DAN “anak” ATAU “anak-anak” ATAU “masa kanak-kanak.” Dari 1.787 artikel yang diidentifikasi, enam RCT dianalisis secara kritis. Pada keenam RCT tersebut, suplementasi vitamin D dengan dosis berkisar antara 400 IU/hari hingga dosis bolus 400.000 IU secara signifikan meningkatkan kadar serum 25(OH)D (p < 0,05) dan memperbaiki hasil pertumbuhan linear. Susu yang diperkaya, suplementasi dosis tinggi secara berkala, dan konsumsi oral harian terbukti dapat meningkatkan parameter antropometrik dan densitas mineral tulang. Efek sinergis diamati ketika vitamin D dikombinasikan dengan asupan kalsium yang cukup. Kesimpulan studi ini adalah bahwa defisiensi vitamin D berkontribusi pada gangguan pertumbuhan linear dan peningkatan risiko stunting melalui gangguan regulasi kalsium-fosfat, peningkatan hormon paratiroid, penurunan mineralisasi tulang, dan penurunan IGF-1.References
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