LARGE IMMUNOLOGICAL CEREBRAL VASCULITIS, ENCEPHALITIS, AND MULTIPLE INFARCTION CAUSED BY MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION IN YOUNG ADULTS : A RARE COMPLICATION OF TUBERCULOSIS)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v6i2.46999Keywords:
vaskulitis sereberal, infark, tuberkulosis, ensefalitis, meningitisAbstract
Tuberkulosis Neurovaskular-serebral adalah kondisi yang jarang terjadi, ditemukan pada sekitar 1% dari total kasus komplikasi tuberkulosis. Infeksi ini dapat menyebabkan vaskulitis serebral tidak hanya melalui invasi langsung, tetapi juga melalui deposisi kompleks imun. Kasus ini menjelaskan tentang vaskulitis serebral luas dan infark yang disebabkan oleh tuberkulosis pada dewasa muda. Seorang wanita muda berusia 21 tahun datang ke unit gawat darurat dengan keluhan bicara tidak jelas sejak satu hari sebelumnya. Pasien menggigil dan tidak merespons saat diajak berbicara. Pemeriksaan fisik menunjukkan tekanan darah 101/65 mmHg, nadi 80x/menit, suhu 36,7°C, dan saturasi oksigen (SpO2) 97%. Pemeriksaan neurologis menunjukkan GCS 456, tanda meningeal (+). Pemeriksaan laboratorium awal menunjukkan Hb 9,6 g/dl; HCT 29,8%; neutrofil 84,9%, limfosit 7%, SGOT 29 U/L, SGPT 51 U/L. Pemeriksaan rontgen dada menunjukkan dugaan tuberkulosis milier paru. Pemeriksaan dahak menunjukkan hasil positif DNA MTB dan sensitif terhadap rifampisin. Pemeriksaan serologis HIV tidak menunjukkan kelainan. Hasil CT scan kepala dengan kontras menunjukkan infark multipel pada hemisfer bilateral dan nukleus lentiform bilateral dari korpus kalosum bilateral. Pasien didiagnosis dengan vaskulitis serebral luas, ensefalitis, dan infark multipel yang berhubungan dengan infeksi tuberkulosis. Pasien mendapat pengobatan FDC (fixed dose combination) untuk tuberkulosis, antikonvulsan, mecobalamin, PPI, dan steroid dosis tinggi. Kasus ini tergolong langka, terutama sebagai komplikasi tuberkulosis yang menyebabkan vaskulitis serebral luas dan ensefalitis pada pasien dewasa muda. Deteksi dini merupakan kunci penting dalam memberikan pengobatan yang tepat kepada pasien.References
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