PENGARUH OBESITAS DAN AKTIVITAS FISIK TERHADAP RISIKO KANKER KOLOREKTAL DI INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v6i3.45884Keywords:
kanker kolorektal, tinjauan sistematis, aktivitas fisik, faktor risiko, gaya hidup, obesitasAbstract
ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Kanker kolorektal merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian akibat kanker di dunia, menempati posisi ketiga dengan lebih dari 1,9 juta kasus baru dan hampir 1 juta kematian pada tahun 2020. Di Indonesia, kanker ini menempati peringkat keempat dengan insidensi 39,2 per 100.000 penduduk dewasa. Peningkatan ini erat kaitannya dengan gaya hidup modern, termasuk pola makan tinggi kalori, rendah serat, kurangnya aktivitas fisik, dan obesitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan obesitas dan aktivitas fisik dengan risiko kanker kolorektal di Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain tinjauan sistematis dengan panduan PRISMA. Artikel diidentifikasi melalui Google Scholar dan ResearchGate menggunakan kata kunci terkait obesitas, aktivitas fisik, dan kanker kolorektal di Indonesia. Dari 653 artikel yang ditemukan, 10 artikel dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi, yaitu artikel kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional atau case-control yang diterbitkan dalam 10 tahun terakhir. Hasil: Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa rendahnya aktivitas fisik memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan peningkatan risiko kanker kolorektal. Namun, pengaruh obesitas bervariasi tergantung pada indikator yang digunakan. Simpulan: Aktivitas fisik terbukti memiliki peran protektif yang signifikan terhadap risiko kanker kolorektal. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya mempromosikan aktivitas fisik sebagai strategi pencegahan dan perlunya penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mendukung pengembangan kebijakan promotif dan preventif yang berbasis bukti di Indonesia.References
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