ANALISIS DAMPAK POSITIF DELPHINIDIN 3-GLUCOSIDE BAGI KESEHATAN TUBUH (KANKER, TUMOR, MENCEGAH PENYAKIT KARDIOVASKULAR, DAN MENYEHATKAN JANTUNG): SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v6i2.45599Keywords:
Delphinidin 3 Glucoside, Kesehatan TubuhAbstract
Delphinidin 3-glukosida (D3G) merupakan senyawa antosianin yang banyak ditemukan dalam buah beri seperti blueberry, dan terong ungu. D3G menarik perhatian karena potensi terapeutiknya, terutama dalam pencegahan dan pengobatan kanker serta penyakit kardiovaskular. Penelusuran dilakukan melalui database PubMed dan Google Scholar, menghasilkan lima studi utama dari total 17.691 artikel yang diidentifikasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa D3G bekerja melalui berbagai mekanisme molekuler. Pada sel kanker, D3G menghambat proliferasi sel kanker payudara, ovarium, dan prostat melalui modulasi jalur PI3K/Akt dan ERK1/2, penekanan ekspresi β-catenin, serta induksi apoptosis. Senyawa ini juga menekan angiogenesis dengan menurunkan ekspresi VEGF. Dalam konteks kardiovaskular, D3G menurunkan kadar kolesterol LDL hingga 28% dan mencegah pembentukan plak aterosklerotik. Mekanismenya meliputi peningkatan aktivitas enzim antioksidan (SOD, katalase) serta penurunan penanda inflamasi TNF-α dan IL-6 hingga 40%. Pada model kelinci, D3G dosis 20 mg/kg selama 12 minggu menurunkan trigliserida serum secara signifikan. Meski menjanjikan, bioavailabilitas oral D3G masih sangat rendah (<1%). Teknologi nanoenkapsulasi, seperti nanopartikel kitosan, terbukti meningkatkan penyerapan D3G hingga 5–12 kali lipat. Selain itu, kombinasi D3G dengan kemoterapi konvensional seperti doksorubisin menunjukkan potensi peningkatan efektivitas antitumor hingga tiga kali lipat. Kesimpulannya, D3G memiliki potensi besar sebagai agen terapeutik kanker dan kardiovaskular dengan berbagai mekanisme kerja. Namun, diperlukan studi lanjutan pada manusia untuk memvalidasi efektivitas dan keamanannya dalam jangka panjang.References
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