EFEKTIVITAS PROGRAM INTERVENSI DALAM MENGELOLA TEKANAN PSIKOLOGIS TENAGA KESEHATAN SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19 (LITERATURE REVIEW)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v6i2.45362Keywords:
intervensi psikologis, kesehatan mental, tenaga kesehatan, pandemi COVID-19Abstract
Pandemi COVID-19 telah memicu perubahan drastis dalam kehidupan masyarakat dan berdampak signifikan terhadap kesehatan mental, termasuk pada tenaga kesehatan. Tenaga kesehatan menghadapi tekanan besar berupa risiko infeksi, beban kerja tinggi, serta keterbatasan sumber daya yang berdampak pada kondisi psikologis. Berbagai studi menunjukkan tingginya prevalensi kecemasan, depresi, dan gangguan tidur di kalangan kesehatan dibandingkan populasi umum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui intervensi psikologis yang telah diterapkan dan efektif dalam menjaga kesehatan mental tenaga kesehatan selama pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review. Strategi penelusuran artikel sesuai topik penelitian dilakukan melalui database PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar menggunakan beberapa kata kunci dan kriteria inklusi pada tahun 2020-2025. Total temuan artikel sebanyak 506 artikel, tetapi hanya 10 artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa intervensi yang paling banyak ditemukan yaitu intervensi psikologis individual dan intervensi berbasis relaksasi yang efektif menurunkan gejala psikologis pada tenaga kesehatan. Intervensi lainnya yang juga efektif dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan emosional tenaga kesehatan adalah intervensi berbasis dukungan sosial dan organisasi serta intervensi digital. Berdasarkan studi literatur, dapat disimpulkan bahwa dari kesepuluh intervensi yang pernah diterapkan selama pandemi secara keseluruhan menunjukkan efektivitas pada kondisi psikologis tenaga kesehatan sehingga untuk mengembangkan strategi kesehatan mental yang lebih komprehensif dapat mengombinasikan berbagai pendekatan intervensi tersebut.References
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