GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI ORGAN PARU-PARU MENCIT GALUR BALB C YANG DIVAKSINASI DENGAN VAKSIN MULTI-EPITOPE COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v6i1.43011Keywords:
Adjuvan Chitosan, Covid-19, Histopatologi Paru, Mencit Galur BALB-C, Vaksin MultiepitopAbstract
COVID-19 merupakan infeksi saluran pernapasan yang disebabkan oleh SARS-CoV-2. Vaksinasi menjadi strategi utama dalam menekan angka kejadian dan keparahan penyakit. Vaksin multi-epitope dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas imun tanpa memicu reaksi berlebihan. Namun, imunogenisitasnya masih menjadi tantangan sehingga penggunaan adjuvant seperti chitosan diperlukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh vaksin multi-epitope terhadap histopatologi paru mencit Balb-C serta efek adjuvant chitosan dalam meningkatkan respons imun. Penelitian eksperimental laboratorium ini menggunakan post-test only control group design dengan mencit jantan Balb-C (6-8 minggu, 20-30 g). Subjek dibagi menjadi lima kelompok: kontrol negatif, vaksin multi-epitope, dan vaksin multi-epitope dengan chitosan, dengan pengamatan pada hari ke-21 dan ke-28. Histopatologi paru diamati menggunakan pewarnaan Hematoksilin Eosin (HE). Data dianalisis secara deskriptif berdasarkan perubahan histopatologi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar kelompok tidak mengalami infiltrasi sel radang akut atau kronis yang signifikan. Struktur alveoli tetap dalam batas normal tanpa fibrosis interstisial. Pada beberapa sampel ditemukan infiltrasi limfosit ringan hingga sedang di sekitar bronkiolus dan pembuluh darah, yang diduga merupakan respons imun normal terhadap antigen vaksin. Kongesti vaskuler dan perdarahan interstisial ditemukan di semua kelompok, kemungkinan akibat prosedur euthanasia menggunakan CO₂. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa vaksin multi-epitope dengan dan tanpa adjuvant chitosan tidak menyebabkan kerusakan histopatologi paru mencit yang signifikan. Vaksin ini berpotensi menjadi kandidat yang aman dalam pengembangan vaksin COVID-19 yang lebih efektif.References
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