LITERATURE REVIEW : PERAN SEKOLAH DALAM PENCEGAHAN OBESITAS REMAJA DI INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v6i1.42525Keywords:
Unit Kesehatan Sekolah, Obesitas Remaja, Obesitas Sentral, Pencegahan ObesitasAbstract
Obesitas remaja merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang semakin meningkat di Indonesia. Sekolah memiliki peran strategis dalam pencegahan obesitas melalui edukasi gizi, peningkatan aktivitas fisik, serta kebijakan yang mendukung gaya hidup sehat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau peran sekolah dalam pencegahan obesitas remaja di Indonesia dengan pendekatan literature review. Studi ini mengkaji berbagai artikel ilmiah yang relevan dalam rentang waktu 2019-2024, yang diperoleh melalui database Google Scholar serta Garuda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beberapa sekolah telah mengimplementasikan program kesehatan seperti Unit Kesehatan Sekolah (UKS), pendidikan gizi, serta intervensi berbasis komunitas. Namun, masih terdapat tantangan dalam hal kebijakan yang belum merata, keterbatasan sumber daya, serta kurangnya keterlibatan berbagai pihak dalam upaya pencegahan obesitas. Sekolah memiliki potensi besar dalam pencegahan obesitas remaja, tetapi diperlukan sinergi antara pemerintah, sekolah, orang tua, dan siswa untuk meningkatkan efektivitas program kesehatan berbasis sekolah.References
Agnesia, D. (2019). Peran pendidikan gizi dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku gizi seimbang pada remaja di SMA YASMU Kecamatan Manyar Kabupaten Gresik. Academics in Action Journal of Community Empowerment, 1(2), 64–76. https://doi.org/10.33021/aia.v1i2.847
Anggraini, N. V., Mulyono, S., & Fitriyani, P. (2021). Pengaruh program pendidikan kesehatan terhadap perubahan perilaku makan pada remaja di sekolah. Jurnal Kesehatan, 3(2), 101-110. https://ojs.unsulbar.ac.id/index.php/j-healt/article/view/1019/668
Bean, M. K., Gokee LaRose, J., Wickham, E. P., Raynor, H. A., Caccavale, L., Evans, R. K., Thornton, L. M., Farthing, S., Mendoza, A., & Mazzeo, S. E. (2021). The role of parents in behavioral treatment for adolescent obesity: Design and rationale for the TEENS+ randomized clinical trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 99, 106195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2020.106195
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Pearson.
Diao, H., Wang, H., Yang, L., & Li, T. (2020). The impacts of multiple obesity-related interventions on quality of life in children and adolescents: A randomized controlled trial. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 18(1), 213. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-020-01459-0
Dwijayanto, I. M. R., & Isyarotullatifah, I. (2021). Peran UKS (Usaha Kesehatan Sekolah) dalam upaya penanggulangan obesitas pada siswa SMA Negeri 2 Negara. Media Keperawatan: Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar, 12(1), 1–10. https://journal.poltekkes-mks.ac.id/ojs2/index.php/mediakeperawatan/article/view/2153/pdf
Fatmasari, E. Y., Sriatmi, A., Wigati, P. A., Suryawati, C., & Suryoputro, A. (2024). Upaya pencegahan obesitas pada remaja sekolah menengah. Journal of Public Health and Community Services, 3(1), 1-10. Retrieved from https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/jphcs/article/download/21813/10931
Fridayanti, D. V., & Prameswari, G. N. (2016). Peran UKS (Usaha Kesehatan Sekolah) dalam upaya penanggulangan obesitas pada anak usia sekolah. Journal of Health Education, 1(2), 8-14. Retrieved from https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/jhealthedu/article/view/18787
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2020, Juli 4). Penyakit tidak menular kini ancam usia muda. Sehat Negeriku. https://sehatnegeriku.kemkes.go.id/baca/umum/20200704/4434329/penyakit-tidak-menular-kini-ancam-usia-muda
Landrigan, P. J., Fuller, R., Acosta, N. J. R., Adeyi, O., Arnold, R., Basu, N, & Zhong, M. (2018). The Lancet Commission on pollution and health. The Lancet, 391(10119), 462-512. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32345-0
McLeroy, K. R., Bibeau, D., Steckler, A., & Glanz, K. (1988). An ecological perspective on health promotion programs. Health Education Quarterly, 15(4), 351–377. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019818801500401
Morton, K. L., Atkin, A. J., Corder, K., Suhrcke, M., & van Sluijs, E. M. (2016). The school environment and adolescent physical activity and sedentary behaviour: A mixed-studies systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 17(2), 142–158. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12352
Muhammad, H. F. L. (2019). Pemanfaatan sekolah sebagai sarana pencegahan obesitas sejak dini pada remaja. Journal of Community Empowerment for Health, 1(2), 107–114. https://doi.org/10.22146/jcoemph.39796
Pengpid, S., & Peltzer, K. (2019). Behavioral risk factors of non-communicable diseases among a nationally representative sample of school-going adolescents in Indonesia. International Journal of General Medicine, 12, 387-394. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S226633
Puspikawati, S. I., Sebayang, S. K., & Mathofan, S. (2024, Desember). Pendidikan gizi dalam upaya pencegahan obesitas pada mahasiswa dan siswa melalui kader generasi Z. Media Gizi Kesmas, 13(2), 563–579. https://doi.org/10.20473/mgk.v13i2.2024.563-579
Prüss-Ustün, A., van Deventer, E., Mudu, P., Campbell-Lendrum, D., Vickers, C., Ivanov, I., Forastiere, F., Gumy, S., Dora, C., Adair-Rohani, H., & Neira, M. (2019). Environmental risks and non-communicable diseases. BMJ, 364, l265. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l265
Ruhmawati, T., Nurhotimah, E., Khairani, H., Setiawan, R., & Iryanti. (2024). Peningkatan pengetahuan dan perilaku siswa dalam mencegah obesitas melalui media edukasi e-booklet. Jurnal SOLMA, 13(3), 2004-2010. Diakses dari https://journal.uhamka.ac.id/index.php/solma/article/view/16125
Subandi, A., Noerjoedianto, D., & Parawansa, N. L. (2023, November). Pencegahan obesitas pada remaja melalui intervensi promosi kesehatan: Pendekatan holistik pada remaja di SMPN 7 Kota Jambi. PEDAMAS (Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat). https://pekatpkm.my.id/index.php/JP/article/view/163
UNICEF. (2024). Landscape analysis of overweight and obesity in Indonesia: Summary of key findings. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/media/22491/file/Landscape%20analysis%20of%20overweight%20and%20obesity%20in%20Indonesia.%20Summary%20of%20key%20findings.pdf
World Health Organization. (2024, March 1). Obesity and overweight. World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
World Health Organization. (2024, December 23). Noncommunicable diseases. World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases
Weihrauch-Bluher, S., Kromeyer-Hauschild, K., Graf, C., Widhalm, K., Korsten-Reck, U., Jodicke, B., Markert, J., Muller, M. J., Moss, A., Wabitsch, M., & Wiegand, S. (2018). Current guidelines for obesity prevention in childhood and adolescence. Obesity Facts, 11(3), 263–276. https://doi.org/10.1159/000486512
Zahtamal, Z., Restuastuti, T., Chandra, F., & Batubara, H. (2021). Peran Institusi Pendidikan dalam Pengelolaan Obesitas pada Remaja. Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas (Journal of Community Health), 6(3), 355–362. https://doi.org/10.25311/keskom.Vol6.Iss3.774
Zhang, H., Zhou, X. D., Shapiro, M. D., Lip, G. Y. H., Tilg, H., Valenti, L., Somers, V. K., Byrne, C. D., Targher, G., Yang, W., Viveiros, O., Opio, C. K., Mantzoros, C. S., Ryan, J. D., Kok, K. Y. Y., Jumaev, N. A., Perera, N., Robertson, A. G., Abu-Abeid, A., ... Zheng, M. H. (2024). Global burden of metabolic diseases, 1990–2021. Metabolism, 160, 155999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155999
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Delta Fitriana, Tri Krianto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
