EFEK ANTIBODI MONOKLONAL TOCILIZUMAB TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGIK PARU PASIEN COVID-19: LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v6i2.41815Keywords:
COVID-19, Histopatologik, Paru, TocilizumabAbstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), suatu penyakit yang disebabkan oleh SARS-CoV-2, sering menimbulkan kerusakan paru berat akibat badai sitokin, dengan IL-6 sebagai mediator utama inflamasi. Tocilizumab (TCZ), antibodi monoklonal yang menghambat IL-6, telah digunakan untuk mengurangi inflamasi pada pasien COVID-19, namun dampaknya terhadap gambaran histopatologik paru masih kurang dibahas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau efek tocilizumab terhadap gambaran histopatologik paru pada pasien COVID-19. Metodologi penelitian ini yaitu meninjau kembali karya tulis yang berhubungan dengan efek antibodi monoklonal tocilizumab terhadap gambaran histopatologik paru pasien COVID-19 melalui database PubMed dan ClinicalKey, serta mesin pencari Google Scholar. Sebuah penelitian menunjukkan bukti bahwa tocilizumab (TCZ), sebagai antagonis reseptor IL-6, efektif memperbaiki gambaran histopatologik paru pada model tikus BALB/c dengan kerusakan paru akibat cytokine storm syndrome (CSS). Perbaikan yang diamati meliputi pengurangan edema interstisial, pemulihan struktur alveolar, dan penurunan infiltrasi neutrofil. Tujuh penelitian menunjukkan TCZ juga menurunkan biomarker inflamasi seperti IL-6, CRP, ferritin, LDH dan rasio neutrofil/limfosit (NLR), yang berperan dalam mengendalikan inflamasi dan mencegah kerusakan progresif jaringan paru. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa TCZ efektif memperbaiki gambaran histopatologik paru pasien COVID-19 yang rusak akibat CSS. Sebagai antagonis reseptor IL-6, TCZ mengurangi edema interstisial, memperbaiki struktur alveolar, dan menurunkan infiltrasi neutrofil. Penurunan biomarker inflamasi seperti IL-6, CRP, ferritin, dan LDH juga mendukung peran TCZ dalam mengendalikan inflamasi dan mencegah kerusakan jaringan paru progresif, sehingga dapat menjadi terapi potensial untuk pasien COVID-19 berat.References
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