TINJAUAN PUSTAKA : GANGGUAN PENYALAHGUNAAN GANJA

Authors

  • Fairuz Karlina Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Mataram
  • Naurah Arika Azmi Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Mataram
  • Alya Syafa Kamila Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Mataram
  • Andi Muhammad Al Fatih Haq Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Mataram
  • Nugraha Malik Akbar Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Mataram

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v5i4.38283

Keywords:

Gangguan Penggunaan Ganja, Ganja, Manifestasi Klinis, Patofisiologi, THC.

Abstract

Penyalahgunaan ganja di Indonesia dan secara global menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan, terutama di kalangan remaja. Ganja adalah salah satu narkotika yang paling banyak digunakan, mengandung senyawa kanabinoid seperti delta-9-tetrahidrokanabinol (THC), yang bertanggung jawab atas efek psikoaktifnya. Penggunaan ganja yang kronis dapat menyebabkan Gangguan Penggunaan Ganja (Cannabis Use Disorder, CUD), yang ditandai dengan ketidakmampuan untuk berhenti menggunakan meskipun muncul dampak negatif fisik dan psikologis. Faktor genetik dan lingkungan berperan penting dalam risiko pengembangan gangguan ini, di mana paparan kanabinoid mempengaruhi fungsi otak, terutama sistem dopaminergik, yang dapat menyebabkan ketergantungan dan perubahan struktural pada otak. Gangguan ini juga dapat mempengaruhi sistem kardiovaskular dan paru-paru, serta kesehatan mental, meningkatkan risiko gangguan psikotik, depresi, dan kecemasan. Tinjauan literatur ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran komprehensif tentang epidemiologi, patofisiologi, manifestasi klinis, dan penanganan gangguan penggunaan ganja. Pendekatan efektif dalam menangani gangguan ini meliputi terapi kognitif-perilaku, terapi motivasi, dan intervensi psikososial. Selain itu, upaya pencegahan berbasis edukasi, kebijakan, dan dukungan sosial sangat penting untuk mengurangi prevalensi penyalahgunaan ganja dan dampak berbahayanya bagi masyarakat.

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Published

2024-12-15

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Vol. 5 No. 4 (2024): DESEMBER 2024

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Copyright (c) 2024 Fairuz Karlina, Naurah Arika Azmi, Alya Syafa Kamila, Andi Muhammad Al Fatih Haq, Nugraha Malik Akbar

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