LITERATURE REVIEW : REASONS FOR PATIENTS TO PAY WITH OUT-OF-POCKET PAYMENT FOR HEALTHCARE SERVICES IN ASIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v5i4.36185Keywords:
Health Expenditure, High Quality Services, Medical Cost, OOP, Out-of-Pocket PaymentAbstract
Pembayaran out-of-pocket (OOP) dalam pelayanan kesehatan adalah pembayaran langsung yang dilakukan oleh individu kepada penyedia layanan kesehatan pada saat penggunaan layanan. Berdasarkan data World Bank, sejak tahun 2017 hingga 2021 proporsi belanja OOP terhadap belanja kesehatan secara global mengalami penurunan hampir 1%, dari 18,03% menjadi 17,05%. Di Asia, penurunan belanja OOP sejak tahun 2017 hingga 2021 lebih besar, yaitu turun sebesar 4,5% (38,48% menjadi 33,99%) dibandingkan periode yang sama. Sebagian besar negara saat ini memiliki Layanan Asuransi Kesehatan Nasional (NHIS) sendiri, namun pasien masih bersedia membayar layanan tersebut dengan pembayaran sendiri (OOP). Tinjauan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis alasan apa pasien ingin membayar dengan OOP. Navigasi artikel menggunakan kata kunci “out-of-pocket payment” di Scopus dan Proquest tahun 2020-2023. Filter subjek tambahan digunakan seperti “obat-obatan” dan “layanan kesehatan” untuk membuat penelusuran lebih spesifik. 699 artikel yang diperoleh disaring dengan membaca judul, abstrak, dan kelayakan teks lengkap. Pada akhir proses penyaringan, 9 artikel dipilih untuk direview. Hasilnya dapat dikategorikan dalam 4 kelompok penyakit, yaitu Penyakit Umum, Penyakit Kronis, Penyakit Ibu & Anak, dan Penyakit Psikiatri. Dari tinjauan tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelayanan berkualitas tinggi menjadi alasan utama yang mendorong pasien membayar dengan OOP. Pemerintah harus lebih memperhatikan stok obat dan perbekalan kesehatan untuk mengurangi pembayaran OOP. Penyedia yang meminta pembayaran tambahan padahal semua tagihan sudah ditanggung oleh asuransi kesehatan nasional tidak dapat diterima dengan alasan apapun.References
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