ETIKA DAN REGULASI TERAPI GEN DALAM PRAKTIK MEDIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v5i4.36096Keywords:
etika terapi gen, regulasi terapi gen, terapi genAbstract
Terapi gen adalah inovasi medis yang bertujuan memperbaiki atau mengganti gen rusak dengan gen fungsional untuk mengobati penyakit bawaan dan kronis. Teknologi ini memberikan manfaat yang signifikan, termasuk mengurangi beban perawatan dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien. Namun, terapi gen juga menimbulkan tantangan terkait keamanan, regulasi, dan etika, seperti risiko efek samping, ketidakpastian jangka panjang, dan keadilan akses. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan terapi gen melalui tinjauan literatur dari Google Scholar, PubMed, dan ScienceDirect, dengan fokus pada publikasi 2014–2024. Metode analisis tematik digunakan untuk menyoroti isu-isu utama terkait regulasi dan etika. Keselamatan pasien adalah prinsip utama dalam praktik medis, termasuk terapi gen. Risiko jangka panjang dalam terapi gen sulit diprediksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meski terapi gen menawarkan solusi potensial untuk penyakit yang sebelumnya sulit diobati, terdapat kendala akses karena biaya tinggi dan keterbatasan infrastruktur medis. Dari sisi regulasi, diperlukan pengawasan ketat dan pemantauan jangka panjang untuk memastikan keamanan dan efektivitas terapi gen. Regulasi ketat dan pengawasan klinis diperlukan untuk menjamin keamanan penggunaan terapi ini. Selain itu, dibutuhkan model pembiayaan inovatif agar akses terhadap terapi gen lebih merata. Transparansi dan keterlibatan pasien dalam proses pengambilan keputusan juga sangat penting untuk membangun kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap teknologi ini. Terapi gen memiliki potensi besar, tetapi memerlukan pendekatan yang komprehensif dan terintegrasi untuk diterapkan.References
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