VAKSINASI SEBAGAI PENCEGAHAN RESISTENSI ANTIMIKROBA TERHADAP BAKTERI SALMONELLA TYPHI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v2i3.2376Keywords:
RESISTENSI ANTIMIKROBA , BAKTERI SALMONELLAAbstract
Salmonella typhi adalah bakteri patogen sebagai penyebab demam tifoid, yaitu infeksi sistemik yang dapat merusak usus dan organ-organ hati dengan gejala berupa demam yang berlangsung lama. Di Indonesia, kasus demam tifoid yang disebabkan oleh Salmonella typhi masih termasuk tinggi, dimana faktor yang berhubungan terjadinya hal tersebut adalah tingkat kebersihan dari individu, sanitasi lingkungan, dan penyebaran melalui individu yang terkena infeksi maupun individu yang karier. Gejala yang dapat ditimbulkan oleh Salmonella typhi adalah demam, gangguan saluran pencernaan, gangguan kesadaran, dan pembesaran pada hati dan splen. Infeksi oleh Salmonella typhi dapat didiagnosis dengan cara melakukan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, dan pemeriksaan penunjang. Pengobatan pada Salmonella typhi dapat menggunakan antibiotik seperti kloramfenikol, quinolon, dan golongan antibiotik spektrum luas. Resistensi antimikroba memiliki 4 jalur mekanisme yaitu proses enzimatik, permeabilitas terhadap antimikroba, modifikasi letak reseptor obat, meningkatnya sintesis metabolit antagonis terhadap antimikroba. Salmonella typhi dengan cepat mengalami resistensi terhadap antimikroba yang sedang digunakan di masyarakat, akan tetapi juga dapat kehilangan resistensinya setalah obat tersebut tidak digunakan. Vaksinasi merupakan cara pencegahan terjadinya infeksi oleh bakteri Salmonella typhi sehingga dapat mencegah terjadinya resistensi antimikroba.References
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