EKSTRAK JAHE MERAH (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE VAR. RUBRUM): UJI FITOKIMIA, ANALISA SIDIK JARI, KAPASITAS TOTAL ANTIOKSIDAN, DAN PENENTUAN KADAR FENOLIK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v4i2.15922Keywords:
antioksidan, BSLT, profil HPTLC, , Zingiber officinale var, RubrumAbstract
Stres oksidatif terjadi karena adanya ketidakeimbangan antara produksi Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) dalam sel dengan kemampuan sistem biologis untuk mendetoksifikasi ROS. Proses oksidasi yang terjadi di bawah pengaruh ROS dapat dihambat dengan antioksidan, dimana antioksidan berperan dalam mekanisme pertahanan organisme terhadap patologi yang berhubungan dengan serangan radikal bebas. Jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang mengandung antioksidan alami. Jahe merah telah digunakan turun temurun oleh masyarakat Indonesia untuk mengobati nyeri tenggorokan, gatal, masuk angin, muntah, maupun diare. Selain itu, beberapa penelitian terbaru mengungkapkan bahwa jahe merah juga memiliki efek farmakologis seperti antiinflamasi, antidiabetes, antimikroba, antidepresan, antikanker dan lain sebagainya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menemukan kandungan fitokimia, kadar antioksidan, kadar fenolik, serta kadar senyawa terpenoid pada ekstrak jahe. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental in vitro, dengan sampel ekstrak jahe merah yang didapatkan dari metode ekstraksi maserasi dengan pelarut methanol. Skrining fitokimia dilakukan dengan metode Harborne, uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode Blois menggunakan DPPH, kadar total fenolik dilakukan dengan metode Singelton, serta skrining High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) untuk menganalisa profil sidik jari senyawa terpenoid pada ekstrak jahe merah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak jahe merah memiliki kandungan fitokimia seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, kardioglikosida, glikosida, saponin, kumarin, fenolik, kuinon, betasianin, steroid, terpenoid; kapasitas total antioksidan dengan IC50 sebesar 125,437 µg/mL, yang mengindikasikan antioksidan dengan aktivitas sedang; kadar total fenolik sebesar 4.065,7 ?g/mL; serta profil HPTLC dengan spray reagent vanilin sulfat menunjukkan nilai Rf 0,11 pada terpenoid 1, Rf 0,29 pada terpenoid 2, Rf 0,46 pada terpenoid 3, dan Rf 0,77 pada terpenoid 4 yang mengindikasikan bahwa jahe merah mengandung terpenoid.References
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