ANALISIS FAKTOR DISTRESS PADA PETUGAS PEMADAM KEBAKARAN : SISTEMATIK REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v4i2.15306Keywords:
distress, stres, pemadam kebakaran, firefightersAbstract
Petugas pemadam kebakaran berulang kali dihadapkan pada stres akibat peristiwa traumatis yang disebabkan oleh pekerjaan yang sangat berbahaya, penuh tekanan, mempertaruhkan nyawa mereka, dan membantu para korban. Mereka juga mungkin terkena kekerasan di tempat kerja, seperti bahaya fisik, ancaman fisik, sosial, alkoholik dan pecandu narkoba. Dibandingkan dengan masyarakat umum, petugas pemadam kebakaran memiliki risiko masalah kesehatan, kecemasan kronis, gejala kecemasan, insomnia, gangguan stres pascatrauma (PTSD) dan kesulitan kesehatan mental pascatrauma lainnya yang jauh lebih tinggi. Tujuan dari kajian literatur ini untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan distress pada petugas pemadam kebakaran. Pencarian literatur digunakan untuk pengumpulan data. Dalam hasil kajian literatur ditemukan bahwa tingkat pendidikan, kebiasaan kerja, jabatan, masa kerja, masa kerja, perantuan dan asal etnis mempengaruhi situasi petugas pemadam kebakaran. Mengenai variabel jenis kelamin dan usia, studi lebih lanjut masih diperlukan (gejala somatik dan ketakutan akan kematian berkorelasi positif) karena ada perbedaan yang signifikan dalam temuan penelitian dari beberapa peneliti. Pentingnya strategi koping dan dukungan sosial dalam mengurangi stres psikologis, kecemasan, trauma bedah, gejala gangguan stres pascatrauma (PTSD) dan frekuensi emosi negatif pada petugas pemadam kebakaran dalam mengurangi gangguan tidur, penggunaan alkohol dan gejala depresi yang lebih tinggi ke tingkat risiko bunuh diri pada petugas pemadam kebakaran.References
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