LAPORAN KASUS : ERUPSI OBAT AKIBAT KARBAMAZEPIN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v8i3.36518Keywords:
Erupsi Obat, KarbamazepinAbstract
Adverse Drug Eruption (ADR) didefinisikan sebagai reaksi yang membahayakan atau tidak diingikan terhadap dosis terapeutik suatu obat. ADR membagi menjadi 2 reaksi, yaitu reaksi tipe A disebut juga reaksi augmented “tergantung dosis”, dan dapat diprediksi berdasarkan farmakologi obat, dan reaksi tipe B, disebut juga reaksi bizzare, tidak dapat diprediksi dari farmakologi.(Coleman & Pontefract, 2016; Nguyen et al., 2020) Prevalensi Cutaneuous Adverse Drug Reactions (CADR) terjadi pada 8% pasien yang dirawat inap. Di bagian dermatologi, CADR mewakili 2% konsultasi dan sekitar 5% pasien rawat inap di bidang dermatologi.(Nguyen et al., 2020) Penatalaksanaan utama adalah menghentikaan obat yang menjadi penyebab atau yang sedang dikonsumsi, dan diberikan terapi kortikosteroid sistemik.(Nguyen et al., 2020) Ilustrasi kasus seorang perempuan berinisial An. NT berusia 16 tahun dengan keluhan sejak 1 minggu ini timbul ruam kemerahan yang disertai gatal dan panas di seluruh tubuh. Awalnya, sekitar 1 minggu yang lalu, pasien sempat mengalami kejang. Pasien mendapatkan pengobatan obat epilepsi (carbamazepine dan depakote). Setelah minum obat epilepsi tersebut, pasien mengeluhkan muncul ruam kemerahan disertai gatal dan panas diseluruh tubuh sehingga pasien di rujuk ke Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin. Kesimpulan pada kasus ini adalah erupsi obat merupakan kasus yang dapat mengancam nyawa apabila tidak ditatalaksana dengan baik. Tatalaksana yang utama erupsi obat adalah menghentikan obat yang menjadi penyebab.References
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