PERAN KAFEIN PADA KOPI DAN TEH SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT KARSINOMA KULIT NON-MELANOMA : SEBUAH LITERATUR REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v5i1.26084Keywords:
Skin Cancer, Sunscreen, Coffee Grounds, Tea DregsAbstract
Insiden kanker kulit meningkat di seluruh dunia, sebagai akibat dari paparan sinar matahari kronis, perubahan iklim dan kondisi individu dan sosial. Secara keseluruhan, kanker kulit termasuk cutaneous melanoma (CM) dan non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) yang terutama diwakili oleh karsinoma sel basal (BCC) dan karsinoma sel skuamosa (SCC). Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah literatur review yang merupakan metode secara sistematis, eksplisit dan reprodusibel untuk melakukan identifikasi, evaluasi dan sintesis terhadap karya - karya hasil penelitian dan hasil pemikiran yang sudah dihasilkan oleh para peneliti dan praktisi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aplikasi topikal kafein atau kafein natrium benzoat 0,5 jam sebelum penyinaran UVB menghambat pembentukan dimer timin yang diinduksi UVB dan menghambat lesi kulit terbakar akibat sinar matahari yang diinduksi UVB, dan kafein natrium benzoat lebih efektif daripada kafein. Analisis meta ini terdiri dari jumlah penelitian terbesar dibandingkan dengan meta-analisis sebelumnya. Temuan utama adalah penurunan risiko 22% dari ketiga jenis kanker kulit dengan asupan kopi berkafein. Hubungan ini tidak terjadi pada kopi tanpa kafein. Meta analisis lainnya tidak menemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara teh dan kanker kulit, tetapi menurut hasil penelitan tersebut, teh mengalami penurunan sebesar 15 risiko kanker kulit. Hasil ini masuk akal karena kandungan kafein relatif teh sekitar setengah dari kopi. Penurunan risiko BCC, SCC, NMSC, dan melanoma dengan asupan kafein total masing-masing adalah 12%, 23%, 23%, dan 19%. Dengan menggunakan data ini, ditemukan bahwa jumlah kanker kulit dapat dicegah dan penghematan biaya setiap tahun menjadi signifikan.References
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