GANGGUAN PENDENGARAN AKIBAT BISING PADA PEKERJA : REVIEW LITERATURE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v4i4.22372Keywords:
Bising, Gangguan Pendengaran, Pekerja, Review LiteratureAbstract
Gangguan pendengaran akibat kerja adalah hilangnya sebagian atau seluruh pendengaran secara permanen, dapat terjadi pada salah satu atau kedua telinga karena terpaparnya kebisingan terus menerus di tempat kerja. Dampak yang paling parah pada lingkungan kerja yang bising adalah ketulian permanen yang dikenal sebagai gangguan pendengaran akibat bising atau Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL). Selain dampaknya terhadap pendengaran (auditori), kebisingan juga memiliki efek non-pendengaran seperti gangguan dalam aktivitas sehari-hari, kehilangan kejelasan dalam pembicaraan (gangguan bicara), masalah konsentrasi, gangguan tidur yang dapat meningkatkan stres yang disebabkan oleh gangguan pendengaran tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Literature Review dengan pencarian artikel dengan menggunakan search engine ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, dan Google schoolar Database dari tahun 2015 hingga 2022 kemudian melakukan penelusuran menurut karakteristik pencegahan dan pengendalian NIHL pada pekerja sebagai paparan patofisiologi dan faktor risikonya. Faktor risiko yang mempengaruhi tingkat keparahan NIHL adalah intensitas kebisingan, frekuensi, lamanya paparan per hari, masa kerja, sensitivitas individu, usia, dan faktor lain yang bisa menyebabkan ketulian. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa NIHL tidak dapat disembuhkan namun dapat dicegah dan dilakukan rehabilitasi. Program konservasi pendengaran (HCP) mencegah perburukan penurunan pendengaran melalui pengukuran kebisingan, pengurangan faktor kebisingan, pemeriksaan audiometri secara teratur, penggunaan alat pelindung kebisingan kebisingan, edukasi, dan pencatatan untuk mencegah NIHL.References
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