HUBUNGAN OBESITAS DENGAN HIPERTENSI PADA LANJUT USIA: LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v4i4.20327Keywords:
Hipertensi, Lansia, ObesitasAbstract
Seiring bertambahnya usia, sel-sel tubuh mengalami kerusakan yang tidak dapat diperbaiki dan menyebabkan perubahan dan penurunan fungsi pada sistem organ tubuh. Perubahan tersebut menyebabkan lansia lebih rentan mengalami masalah kesehatan, salah satunya adalah hipertensi. Hipertensi atau tekanan darah tinggi adalah suatu kondisi dimana tekanan darah sistolik lebih dari 140 mmHg atau tekanan darah diastolik lebih dari 90 mmHg. Faktor-faktor yang mungkin menyebabkan terjadinya hipertensi antara lain adalah usia, riwayat penyakit, pola hidup, dan juga status gizi obesitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan obesitas dengan kejadian hipertensi pada lansia. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah studi literatur dari database Google Scholar dan PubMed. Artikel diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, dan didapatkan 5 artikel untuk dianalisis. Didapatkan hasil bahwa obesitas memiliki hubungan dengan hipertensi pada lansia. Kondisi obesitas berhubungan dengan hipertensi disebabkan oleh penumpukan jaringan lemak mensekresi sitokin pro-inflamasi, meningkatkan kadar hormon leptin, serta meningkatkan kadar angiotensinogen pada tubuh. Kondisi-kondisi tersebut mempengaruhi pengaturan tekanan darah dalam tubuh dan meningkatkan tekanan darah, sehingga tubuh mengalami hipertensi. Kondisi hipertensi dalam jangka waktu yang panjang dan tidak ditangani dengan baik dapat menyebabkan masalah kesehatan yang lebih serius. Diharapkan individu lansia dapat mengontrol berat badan dan memeriksakan kesehatan secara rutin untuk mengontrol tekanan darah.References
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