FAKTOR GENETIK KELUARGA PADA KEJADIAN STUNTING: SISTEMATIK LITERATUR REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v4i4.19501Keywords:
Genetik, Keluarga, StuntingAbstract
Stunting masih merupakan issue hangat yang terjadi pada saat ini. Prevalensi stunting sangat bervariasi di seluruh wilayah di dunia. Penularan kemiskinan antar generasi yang terkenal dan beberapa faktor penentu prenatal kritis memainkan peran penting dalam tingginya beban stunting di banyak bagian dunia. Banyaknya faktor penyebab terjadinya stunting dan dampak yang terjadi akibat stunting. Dampak dalam jangka pendek adalah terganggunya program metabolisme dalam tubuh, pertumbuhan dan masa otot, dan perkembangan kecerdasan otak. Sedangkan dalam jangka panjang adalah terganggunya tumbuh kembang anak secara fisik, mental dan intelektual yang sifatnya permanen, rendahnya imunitas dan produktivitas kerja, dan berisiko menderita penyakit kronis yaitu diabetes mellitus, jantung koroner, hipertensi, kanker kegemukan, penyakit jantung dan stroke. Tujuan dari studi review ini adalah Melihat faktor genetic keluarga dan membahas secara lebih mendalam lagi tentang genetik dengan kejadian stunting. Stunting tidak hanya dikaitkan dengan karakteristik tingkat anak tetapi juga karakteristik tingkat keluarga dan masyarakat. Ibu maupun ayah dapat mewariskan gen penentu tinggi badan kepada keturunannya. Adanya hubungan antara perawakan pendek ibu dan risiko stunting pada keturunannya yang menyatakan anak dari ibu yang stunting memiliki risiko stunting sekitar dua kali lebih besar dan risiko stunting berat tiga kali lipat. Risiko ini paling besar pada ibu dengan perawakan <145 cm. Investigasi sistematis tentang kepentingan komparatif faktor langsung dan tidak langsung yang terkait dengan kegagalan antropometrik anak menunjukkan pentingnya peningkatan maternal secara universal status gizi dan keadaan sosial ekonomi rumah tangga. Oleh karena itu, intervensi untuk mengurangi stunting juga harus mempertimbangkan karakteristik keluarga dan masyarakat untuk mencapai hasil yang efektif.References
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